The Currents of Anti-Statist Thought in 19th century France

在这个项目中，我考察了托克维尔和拉曼奈的反国家主义理论。我选择他们作为19世纪法国反中央集权思想最重要的代表之一。通过解读托库维尔未发表的手稿，我发现了“官僚暴政”的概念，通过这个概念，我可以从新的角度对他的“行政暴政”概念有一个原始的认识。根据他的分析，法国现代国家的基本结构是以超中央集权和高度集中的官僚行政体制为特征的。这种中央集权制度是在旧制度下权力体制转型的过程中得到承认的。官僚主义现象是现代法国的特征。官僚政府不仅对政治生活产生了巨大影响，而且对社会、经济和文化生活也产生了巨大影响。拉曼奈对中央集权政治体制的批判，从《avenir》杂志到1848年的宪法委员会，一直是咄咄逼人的。根据他的批判原则，现代法国的中央集权制度是通过逐渐减少地方自由而形成的。但是，尽管他对国家主义进行了批判，但他并不认为社会主义国家是中央集权制度的典型形式，因为他的自由理论并不是建立在对政治权力的分析基础之上的。为了研究反国家主义思潮，我必须分析极端保皇党作为保守派、皮埃尔·约瑟夫·蒲鲁东作为社会主义者和乔治·索雷尔作为无政府工团主义者的思想。

In this project,I examined the anti-statist theories of Tocqueville and Lamennais.I chose them as among the most important representatives of anti-statist thought in I9th century France.By deciphering Tocoueville's unpublishe manuscripts,I found the idea of"bureaucratic tyranny" through which I could throw an original light on his idea of "administrative tyranmy" from the new points of view. According to his analysis, the fundamental structure of the modern state of France if characterized by its ultra-centralisation and highly centralized system of bureaucratic administration. This centralised system was recognized in the process of the transformation of the power system under the Ancien Regime.The bureaucratic phenomenon is characteristic of the modern state of France.The bureaucratic government has exerted great influence upon not only political life,but also social,economic,and cultural life. Lamennais critique of cetralized political system is constantly aggressive from the journal L'Avenir to the constitutional commttee of I848. According to his critical principles, the modern state of France has its centralized system through the gradual reduction of the local liberties . But in spite of his critique of statism,he could not recgnize the socialist state as a typical form of the centralized system,for his theory of liberty is not based upon the analysis of political power. In order to examine the currents of anti-statist thought,I have to analyse the thoughts of ultra-royalists as conservatives,Pierre Joseph Proudhon as socialist ,and George Sorel as anarcho-syndicalist.