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The Currents of Anti-Statist Thought in 19th century France

19世纪法国反国家主义思潮

基本信息

批准号：
60520037
负责人：
OYAMA Tsutomu
金额：
$ 0.45万
依托单位：
Kyushu University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1985
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1985 至 1986
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In this project,I examined the anti-statist theories of Tocqueville and Lamennais.I chose them as among the most important representatives of anti-statist thought in I9th century France.By deciphering Tocoueville's unpublishe manuscripts,I found the idea of"bureaucratic tyranny" through which I could throw an original light on his idea of "administrative tyranmy" from the new points of view. According to his analysis, the fundamental structure of the modern state of France if characterized by its ultra-centralisation and highly centralized system of bureaucratic administration. This centralised system was recognized in the process of the transformation of the power system under the Ancien Regime.The bureaucratic phenomenon is characteristic of the modern state of France.The bureaucratic government has exerted great influence upon not only political life,but also social,economic,and cultural life. Lamennais critique of cetralized political system is constantly aggressive from the journal L'Avenir to the constitutional commttee of I848. According to his critical principles, the modern state of France has its centralized system through the gradual reduction of the local liberties . But in spite of his critique of statism,he could not recgnize the socialist state as a typical form of the centralized system,for his theory of liberty is not based upon the analysis of political power. In order to examine the currents of anti-statist thought,I have to analyse the thoughts of ultra-royalists as conservatives,Pierre Joseph Proudhon as socialist ,and George Sorel as anarcho-syndicalist.

在本课题中，笔者将托克维尔和拉梅奈作为19世纪法国反中央集权思想的重要代表人物，对他们的反中央集权理论进行了研究，通过解读托克维尔的手稿，发现了“官僚暴政”的思想，并从新的角度对托克维尔的“行政暴政”思想进行了独到的解读。根据他的分析，现代法国国家的基本结构是以超中央集权和高度集中的官僚行政制度为特征的。这种中央集权制是在旧政权的权力体制转型过程中得到承认的，官僚制现象是近代法国国家的一个特征，官僚制政府不仅对政治生活，而且对社会、经济、文化生活都产生了巨大的影响。从《未来》杂志到1848年的宪法委员会，拉门奈对中央集权政治制度的批评一直是咄咄逼人的。根据他的批判原则，现代法国的中央集权制度是通过逐渐减少地方自由来实现的。但是，尽管他对马克思主义进行了批判，但由于他的自由理论不是建立在对政治权力的分析之上的，所以他不能把社会主义国家看作是中央集权制度的典型形式。为了考察反中央集权主义的思潮，我必须分析极端保皇党人作为保守派、皮埃尔·约瑟夫·蒲鲁东作为社会主义者和乔治·索雷尔作为无政府工团主义者的思想。