The economic evaluation on the price support policy of the upland field crops in Japan

日本旱田作物价格支持政策的经济评价

• 批准号: 60560227
• 负责人: NISHIMURA Shoichi
• 金额: $ 1.66万
• 依托单位: Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1985
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1985 至 1986
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-60560227/
• 关键词: Price support policy; Vertical market structure; Economic surplus; Supply system; Ajustment process; Factor market; 財政費用

The major upland field crops (wheat, sugar beet, beans, and potatos) have faced the ajustment process of their production after 1960, especially in recent years in Japan. The objective of our study is to evaluate the economic function of the price support policy in their market and the protection policy of their processing products.1) According to the economic surplus analysis on the vertical market structure of potato and potato starch, sugar and sugar beet market, the tie-in sale system of potato starch and the price stabilization system of sugar and sugar beet have had significant effects on maintaining their production sizes and stabilizing production fluctuation.2) In the factor market of the production of the upland field crops, though a tentative analysis, price support policy give stronger effect to the rent than the wage rate.3) The production of the upland field crops often suffers heavy damage resulting from climate variation, and it is managed under the technical combination of at least four or five crops. Considering these production characteristics, we try to measure the supply responce of upland field crops to the support prices. The farmer decides his plan of crop planting in responce to not only the own price of each upland field crop but also the relative prices among them, and in particular after 1973 own price elasticities of supply tend to be more elastic. One of the dominant reasons that soybean production had remarkably reduced during 1960 -1973 was that riskier supply compared with other beans could not be evaluated in the market on account of its price support system.4) The financial cost for the price support of the upland field crops has low share in the agricultural budget as a whole of government, however it is very large in comparison to their production sizes.

1960年以后，主要高地作物（小麦、甜菜、豆类和马铃薯）面临着生产调整过程，特别是近年来在日本。本研究的目的是评估价格支持政策在其市场中的经济作用和对加工产品的保护政策。1）根据对马铃薯和马铃薯淀粉、糖和甜菜市场纵向市场结构的经济剩余分析，领带-马铃薯淀粉销售制度和食糖、甜菜价格稳定制度对维持其生产规模有重要作用2）在高地作物生产要素市场上，通过初步分析，价格支持政策对地租的影响大于工资率; 3）高地作物生产受气候变化的影响较大，至少在四、五种作物的技术组合下进行管理。考虑到这些生产特征，我们试图衡量高地作物对支持价格的供给反应。农民不仅根据每种高地作物本身的价格，而且还根据它们之间的相对价格来决定作物种植计划，特别是在1973年以后，供应本身的价格弹性趋于更有弹性。1960 - 1973年大豆产量显著减少的主要原因之一是由于其价格支持系统，与其他豆类相比，风险更大的供应无法在市场上评估。4）高地作物价格支持的财政成本在整个政府农业预算中所占份额很低，然而，与它们的生产尺寸相比，它非常大。