A Basic Study of Measurement and Evaluation for Characterization of Observation and Inference Processes by the Use of Eye Camera

本研究的目的是：（1）利用眼动摄像机研究科学探究中个体观察和推理过程的特点，（2）发展一种测量和评价个体观察和推理过程的新方法，（3）为有效的教学和学习提供数据。主要结果：1.眼动监测系统的研制和试用（1）通过对教科书插图和教育电视节目的眼动分析，揭示了与注视和眼斑差异有关的因素。(2)比较视觉、记忆和视听信息加工过程中的眼动，以阐明其呈现方式、刺激特征和回忆之间的关系，这可以应用于改进教学方法。(3)眼动模式、注视点数目、注视时间、移动距离、眼动矢量是眼动数据处理的重要指标。(4)视听测验被认为是通过视觉媒体测量学习过程的有效技术。2.观察和推理过程的测量和评价方法（1）应用新的分析方法成功地表征了个体的观察和推理过程，这是传统的组比较方法未能阐明的。(2)本文结合人类信息加工的特点，讨论了观察和推理过程的研究方法。

PURPOSe:The purpose of the present study was (1) to clarify the characteristics of individual observation and inference processes in scientific inquiry by the use of eye camera,(2) to develop a new method for measurement and evaluation of the processes,and (3) to porvide the data for effective teaching and learning.MAJOR FINDINGS: 1.Development of Eye Movement Monitoring System and its Try out(1) Analyses of eye movements while watching illustrations of textbook and educational TV programs revealed the factors concerning concentration and defferentiation of eye spots.(2) Eye movements during visual,auditorial,and audiovisual information proceccing were compared to clarify their relationships among presentation methods,stimulus characteristics,and recall,which can be applied to improve teaching methods.(3) Patterns of eye movement,number of fixation points, fixation time,traveling distances,vector of eye meovement were revealed to be significant indices for processing of eye movement data.(4) Audio-Visual Test was found to be an effective technique for measurement of learning processes through visual media.2.Methodology of measurement and evaluation for observation and inference processes(1) Applying new analytical methods succeeded in characterizing individual observation and inference processes, which conventional group-comparison methods have failed to clarify.(2) Methodology of study of observation and inference processes was discussed in connection with human information processing.