A Basic Study of Measurement and Evaluation for Characterization of Observation and Inference Processes by the Use of Eye Camera

本研究的目的是：(1)利用人眼摄像机来阐明科学探究中个体观察和推理过程的特点；(2)建立一种新的测量和评价科学探究过程的方法；(3)为有效的教学提供数据。主要发现：1.眼动监测系统的研制和试用(1)对观看教科书和教育电视节目插图时的眼动进行了分析，揭示了影响眼点集中和辨别的因素。(2)比较了视觉、听觉和视听信息加工过程中的眼动，以阐明它们与呈现方式、刺激特征和视听信息之间的关系(3)眼动模式、注视点数、注视时间、行走距离、眼动向量是眼动数据处理的重要指标。(4)视听测验是通过视觉媒介测量学习过程的有效方法。2.观察和推理过程的测量和评价方法(1)应用新的分析方法成功地刻画了个体观察和推理过程，这是传统的群体比较方法所不能阐明的。(2)结合人类信息加工，讨论了观察和推理过程的研究方法。

PURPOSe:The purpose of the present study was (1) to clarify the characteristics of individual observation and inference processes in scientific inquiry by the use of eye camera,(2) to develop a new method for measurement and evaluation of the processes,and (3) to porvide the data for effective teaching and learning.MAJOR FINDINGS: 1.Development of Eye Movement Monitoring System and its Try out(1) Analyses of eye movements while watching illustrations of textbook and educational TV programs revealed the factors concerning concentration and defferentiation of eye spots.(2) Eye movements during visual,auditorial,and audiovisual information proceccing were compared to clarify their relationships among presentation methods,stimulus characteristics,and recall,which can be applied to improve teaching methods.(3) Patterns of eye movement,number of fixation points, fixation time,traveling distances,vector of eye meovement were revealed to be significant indices for processing of eye movement data.(4) Audio-Visual Test was found to be an effective technique for measurement of learning processes through visual media.2.Methodology of measurement and evaluation for observation and inference processes(1) Applying new analytical methods succeeded in characterizing individual observation and inference processes, which conventional group-comparison methods have failed to clarify.(2) Methodology of study of observation and inference processes was discussed in connection with human information processing.