Social Structure of Village Community in Okinawa

冲绳乡村社区的社会结构

• 批准号: 61301022
• 负责人: KITAHARA Atsushi
• 金额: $ 4.86万
• 依托单位: KOBE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
• 财政年份: 1986
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1986 至 1988
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-61301022/
• 关键词: Okinawa; Village Social Structure; Monchuu; Ya Family; Communal Land Tenure of Premodern Age Unstable Employment; 不安定就業; Uターン; ヤー(家); 地割制と次三男分家; 南部の門中化現象; チュチョーデーの優越; 農民層分解の少なさ; 不安定就業の少なさ; 本土復帰の影響; 共同体; 親族構造; 儀礼の形態・過程; 周辺

1. The research of social structure of village community in Okinawa has generally been done with special reference to Monchuu kinship organization. Monchuu, which has a limited function of ancestral worship, was initially formed in the End of edo era in the southern part of mainland Okinawa island and after Meiji era in the northern part of it and the remote islands around. The anthropological studies in the 60s contributed to tracing the formation proccess of Monchuu.2. Monchuu is composed of ya family as its member. Ya has almost the same character as ie on the mainland Japan from the viewpoint of the ceremonial lineage with the hierarchical order. But ya is also the politico-jural member of the communal village organization with the egual status. It makes new ya establish easily and extends the branche of Monchuu quickly. This aspect of village social structure makes Monchuu different from Dozoku kinship organization on the mainland Japan.3. The present occupational structure in Okinawa has a continuity from that of the occupied years in the unusually big rate of the third sector industry laborers. On village revels there have appeared more non-agiricultural employees than agiriculturalists. Their conditions of labor are generally unstable, but it is not so difficult for them to find jobs there. There have been a certain number of U-turners from the mainland Japan in spite of the unstable employment in Okinawa.

1.关于冲绳村落社会结构的研究，一般都是以文中族的亲属组织为对象。最初形成于江户时代末期的冲绳本岛南部、明治时代以后的北方及周边偏远岛屿，具有有限的祭祖功能。60年代的人类学研究有助于追溯文殊的形成过程.门丘是由雅家作为其成员。从仪式世系和等级秩序的角度来看，雅与日本大陆的ie几乎具有相同的特征。但雅也是村社组织的政治法律成员，具有平等的地位。它使新亚容易建立，并迅速扩大门丘的分支。这种村落社会结构使文中不同于日本本土的道藏家族组织。冲绳目前的职业结构与被占领年代的职业结构有着连续性，第三产业劳动者的比例异常之高。在乡村狂欢节上，非农业从业人员比农业从业人员多。他们的劳动条件一般不稳定，但在那里找工作并不困难。尽管冲绳的就业不稳定，但仍有一定数量的来自日本大陆的U型转向者。