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Studies on water utilization for arid land farming

旱地农业用水研究

基本信息

批准号：
61302077
负责人：
KURODA Masaharu
金额：
$ 6.08万
依托单位：
Faculty of Agriculture,Kyushu University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
财政年份：
1986
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1986 至 1988
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-61302077/
关键词：
Irrigation Leaching Arid Area Water Use Drainage Salt Accumulation Evapotranspiration 塩分集積

项目摘要

For developing the water use in agriculture in arid regions, The research reports and data for arid land irrigation were colected and evaluated in systematic. The analytical simulations based on the data were made and discussed for the characteristics of the water use in arid conditions.1.Meteorological conditions: The evapotranspirations of the main points of arid lands were evaluated using meteorological data by Penman method. The differences of consumptive use of water among the various regiong were clarified. The effects of gravel mulch in arid regions were evaluated by the heat balance analysis on the soil-surface considering the albedo changing.2.Irrigation schedulings in limited water conditions: The effective water use storaged in sub soils was available, in case of the optimum irrigation scheduling was applied. The characteristics of the tank irrigation system traditionally used in arid regions were discussed by water balance analysis.3.Irrigation method and efficiency: The determination method of drip-hose length based on the hydraulic experiments was presented for uniform water application. The numerical model on the evaluation of effective rainfall was proposed for the water plan of drip irrigation.4.Prevention of water loss in conveyance system: The evaluation of water loss and the effective protection methods were considered under the various conditions by the simulation predicting the water loss in conveyance systems.5.Water management in irrigation system: The methods of the system operation and water management were proposed based on the analysis of surveyed data in Khuzistan, Iran.6.Leaching and drainage: The characteristics of the actual phenomena of salt accumulation were clarified for the soil and water conditions of the low ground water fields and the high ground water fields, respectively.

为发展干旱区农业用水，对干旱区农业灌溉的研究报告和资料进行了系统的整理和评价。1.气象条件：利用气象资料，采用Penman法计算了干旱区主要点的蒸散量。阐明了各地区用水量的差异。在干旱区，考虑土壤水分的变化，通过地表热量平衡分析评价砾石覆盖的效果。2.有限水条件下的灌溉灌溉：在最优灌溉制度下，地下水的有效利用是可能的。通过水量平衡分析，探讨了干旱区传统的水箱灌溉系统的特点。3.灌溉方式与灌溉效率：提出了基于水力学试验的滴灌管长度确定方法，以保证均匀灌水。4.输水系统的水分损失防治：通过对输水系统水分损失的模拟预测，考虑了各种条件下的水分损失评价和有效的保护措施。5.灌溉系统的水分管理：通过对伊朗胡齐达内的调查数据分析，提出了系统运行和水管理的方法。6.淋溶和排水：阐明了低地下水田和高地下水田土壤水分条件下实际积盐现象的特征场，分别。