Sexual and Asexual Reproduction-regulating Substances of Microorganisms

本研究取得了以下研究成果：1.从米曲霉和索状青霉中分离到无性产孢物。分离出的化合物在1-5g/盘的浓度下诱导各自的菌丝体形成菌丝孢子。海洋假单胞菌的化合物是第一个在光刺激下真菌产孢量中起作用的生孢物质。从受体菌株中分离到两种信息素cPD1和cAD1，它们分别负责将pPD1或pAD1从粪链球菌的供体运送到受体菌株，它们的结构都是由8个相似氨基酸组成的肽类化合物。从克鲁维氏酵母和甜菜酵母中分别分离出3种信息素SK1&gt；SK1&gt；SK2&gt；和^&lt；sk3&gt；以及1种信息素^&lt；se&gt；作为酿酒酵母的性聚集诱导物质。这些信息素的结构被确定为由13个氨基酸组成的多肽化合物，它们的序列相互相似。从裂褶菌丝体中分离得到几种促进子实体形成的脑苷类化合物。活性所需的基本结构是在C_8-双键和C_9-甲基基团上具有Z构型的N-酰基狮子座。研究发现，6-甲基嘌呤能抑制苦瓜根结线虫的形成。还从一种植物--羊肚菌的果实中分离出一种抑制物，它只有在真菌的光照下才有活性，其结构经化学鉴定为岩白菜素。在植物病原真菌中，发现Cochliobolus miybeanus的brm突变体在黑色素的生物合成中缺乏将1，3，8-三羟基萘转化为马鞭草酮的酶。

The following results were obtained in the present researchs. 1. Asexual sporogenic substances were isolated from Aspergillus oryzae and Penicillium funiculosum. The isolated compounds induced phialospore formation in respective mycelial hyphae at concentrations of 1-5 g/disc. The compound from p. funiculosum is the first sporogenic substance acting in a light-stimulated sporogenesis of fungi.2. Two kinds of the pheromones, cPD1 and cAD1, which were responsible for a transport of respective plasmids pPD1 or pAD1 from the donor to the recipient strains of Streptococcus faecalis were isolated from the recipient strains, and their structures elucidated to be the peptidic compounds composed of similar eight amino acids to each other.3. Three pheromones ^<sk1>, ^<sk2> and ^<sk3>, and one pheromone ^<se> were isolated from Saccharomyces Kluyveri and S. exiguus, respectively, as the sexual aggregation-inducing substances in S. cerevisiae. The structures of these pheromones were determined as the peptidic compounds composed of thirteen amino acids, whose sequences are similar to each other.4. Several cerebrosides that stimulate fruiting body formation were isolated from the mycelia of Schizophyllum commune. The essential structure required for activity was shown to be the N-acylsphingoide moiety having the Z-configuration at C_8-double bond and C_9-methyl group.5. 6-Methylpurine was found to be an inhibitor of pycnidium formation in Macrophora Kuwatsukai. An inhibitor was also isolated from the fruits of a plant, Heracleum lanatum; it was active only under light irradiation of the fungus, and the structure was chemically identified as bergapten.6. The brm mutant of Cochliobolus miyabeanus was found to lack the enzyme converting 1,3,8-trihydroxynaphthalene to vermelone in the biosynthesis of melanin in phytopathogenic fungi.