Surface Chemical Studies of Dispersion and Coagulation of Colloid Particles

胶体粒子的稳定性一直是胶体与表面科学中的重要课题之一。由于胶体系统在现代高科技包括医学应用中的应用，对胶体系统稳定性的兴趣迅速增加。本合作研究由18名成员组成，他们在各个领域进行自己的研究，但与一个共同的主题有关，即，胶体稳定性该研究包括两个项目：1）从一个原始批次分配给每个成员的聚苯乙烯胶乳颗粒的临界凝聚浓度（CCC）的合作测量和2）他们自己的受试者的个人研究。冷却研究的结果总结如下：在使用硝酸盐的情况下，带负电荷的乳胶过氧化物的CCC的平均值分别为：K ^1为230 mM（标准偏差=52 mM），Mg^<2+>为18.9 mM（= 5.6 mM），La^<3+>为0.47 mM（=0.048 mM）。之比 ...更多信息 这些CCC的比例为100：8.2：0.20，与DLVO理论预测的比例相当一致，即，100：1.6：0.15，除了二价Mg^2+显示出稍大的值。应用DLVO理论，用CCC和CCC下的zeta电位计算了乳胶粒子在水介质中的Hamaker常数。测得过氧化氢胶乳在水介质中的Hamaker常数的平均值为1.52 × 10 ~<-20>（-1）J，该值介于文献中胶体稳定性实验测得的Hamaker常数（0.1- 11 × 10 ~（-1）<-20>J）之间，但比Lifshitz理论测得的值（0.35 × 10 ~（-1）J）大4倍<-20>。七次测定的CCC平均值分别为：K@D1 +@&gt;D1 = 205 mM（=11 mM），Mg@D12 +@&gt;D = 18.8 mM（=0.80 mM），La@D13 +@&gt;D1 = 0.51 mM（=0.034 mM），CCC比分别为100：9.1：0.25。Hamaker常数的平均值为1.07 × 10 &lt;@D1-20@&gt; D_（1.J）。第二个结果比第一个结果散射小得多。个别研究的结果见所附出版物清单。少

The stability of colloid particles has been one of the most important subjects in colloid and surface science. The interest in stability properties colloidal system has been increasing rapidly due to their utility in modern high-technology including medical application.This cooperative study consists of 18 members who are conducting their own research in a variety of field but are connected with a common subject, i.e., colloid stability. The study consists of two projects; 1) cooperative measurements of critical coagulation concentration, CCC, of polystyrene latex particles which were distributed to each member from one original lot and 2) individual research of their own subjects. Results of the coolerative research are summarized as follows.Mean values of CCC's of negatively charged latex perticles were found to be 230 mM (standard deviation, =52 mM) for K^1, 18.9 mM( = 5.6 mM) for Mg^<2+>, and 0.47 mM( =0.048 mM) for La^<3+>, respectively, in which nitrate salts were used. The ratio … More of these CCC's is 100:8.2:0.20, in fairly good agreement with the ratio predicated by the DLVO theory, i.e., 100:1.6:0.15, except for divalent Mg^<2+> which shows a little larger value. The Hamaker constant of latex particles in aqueous media was evaluated using the CCC and zeta potentials at CCC by applying the DLVO theory. The mean value of the Hamaker constant of latex perticles in aqueous media was obtained as 1.52x10^<-20> J. This value lies between literature values of the Hamaker constants (0.1-11x10^<-20> J) obtained by the colloid stability experiments, but it is four times larger in magnitude than that on the basis of the Lifshitz theory, 0.35x10^<-20> J.The second experiment on CCC determination was carried using different latex particles. The mean values of seven determinations of CCC were found to be 205 mM( =11 mM) for K<@D1+@>D1, 18.8 mM( =0.80 mM) for Mg<@D12+@>D, and 0.51 mM( =0.034 mM) for La<@D13+@>D1, the ratio of CCC being 100:9.1:0.25, respectively. The mean value of the Hamaker constant was obtained as 1.07x10<@D1-20@>D1.J. The second results with much less scattering justfy the first ones. Results of the individual research are referred to the list of publication attached. Less