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General Researches in the Japanese Intermodal Transport System

日本多式联运系统综述

基本信息

批准号：
61530067
负责人：
ODA Masao
金额：
$ 0.9万
依托单位：
Tokyo University of Mercantile Marine
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1986
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1986 至 1987
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Because there is no convention and domestic law to regulate the intermodal transport and therefore intermodal transport operators can enter freely into the intermodal transport markets in Japan, the Japanese intermodal transport industry have many institutional and practical problems awaiting solution. This research is to investigate and analyze colosely the present situation of the international intermodal transport business in Japan and to indicate clearly many problems awaiting solution which the Japanese intermodal transport industry have nowadays from various points of view.The Japanese intermodal transport industry is already in a state of excessive competition in sales with too many VOCCs (vessel operating common carriers)and NVOCCs (non-vessel operating common carriers). With some exception, it is not necessarily said that the Japanese intermodal transport operators are successful in the intermodal transport business. Intermodal transport rates and charges are already reduced to an extreme low level owing to excessive competition and therefore the profitabilities of intermodal transport business are very scarce in Japan. Only a few larger companies are managing to make a profit , and other almost companies, especially smaller companies do not pay on the intermodal transport business itself. And there is no indication that things will soon improve.In the meantime, there are many cargo-owners to complain that the intermodal transport services offered by teh Japanese VOCCs and NVOCCs do not yet make full use of the merits of intermodal transport, because of the insufficient inland transport systems in the North America and European continents. Especially, their complaints are concentrating on smaller NVOCCs whose financial basis are fragile in general.

由于没有公约和国内法对多式联运进行规范，多式联运经营者可以自由进入日本的多式联运市场，因此日本多式联运业存在许多制度和实践问题有待解决。本研究通过对日本国际多式联运业务现状的调查和分析，从多个角度明确指出日本多式联运业目前存在的诸多问题，日本多式联运业已经处于销售竞争过度的状态，VOCC数量过多无船承运人（NVOCC）和无船承运人（Vessel Operating Common Carriers）。除了一些例外，并不能说日本的多式联运经营者在多式联运业务方面是成功的。由于过度竞争，多式联运费率和费用已经降到极低水平，因此，在日本，多式联运业务的盈利能力非常有限。只有少数大公司设法盈利，其他公司，特别是小公司不支付多式联运业务本身。与此同时，许多货主抱怨说，由于北美和欧洲大陆的内陆运输系统不足，日本的无船承运人和无船承运人提供的多式联运服务没有充分利用多式联运的优点。特别是，他们的投诉集中在较小的无船承运人，其财务基础普遍脆弱。