A study of histogenesis of integuments in Euphorbiaceae using phase contrast, and an pplicatin of its utility to embryology.

使用相差技术研究大戟科珠被的组织发生，及其在胚胎学中的应用。

• 批准号: 61540498
• 负责人: TOBE Hiroshi
• 金额: $ 0.96万
• 依托单位: Kyoto University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1986
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1986 至 1987
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-61540498/
• 关键词: Phase contrast; Nomarski interference optics; Euphorbiaceae; Ulmaceae; Celtidaceae; Integuments; Pollen; 胚球; トウダイグサ科; 珠皮; 胚珠

Using phase contrast and Nomarski interference optics, the histogenetic origin of integuments in Euphorbiaceae that has been reported to be unusual in angiosperms in reinvestigated, and the utility of those new approaches is examined in observing embryological features of Celtidaceae and Ulamceae.1. The inner integument of Euhorbiaceae, based on observations in Acalypha australis, Euphorbia helioscopia, E. supina, and Phyllanthus urinaria, is found to be of dermal origin, rather than is it of subdermal origin as reported earlier (Bor & Bouman, 1974; Bor & Kapil, 1976). Nomarski interference optics clearly distinguish cell derivatives in developing integuments. This result concludes that there is no longer a gap in histogenetic pattern of integument between Euphorbiaceae and other angiosperms.2. An extensive observation on pollen cell number in Geltidaceae-Ulmaceae (comprising 15(-18) genera) is made for the first time. Two-celled pollen is found to occur in Aphananthe aspera, Chaetacme aristate (Celtidaceae), Holo-ptelea integrifolia and Hemiptelea davidii (Ulmaceae); both 2- and 3-celled pollen in Planera aquatica and Zelkova serrata (Ulmaceae); 3-celled pollen in Ulmus davidiana. The results suggest that an evolutionary change from 2- to 3- celled pollen has occurred in a restricted group of several genera in Ulmaceae but not in Celtidaceae.3. Based on observation of young ovules of Aphananthe aspera, it is found that Nomarski interference optics easily demonstrate some embryological features such as the bitemy, crassinucellate condition, etc.

本文利用相位差和Nomarski干涉光学技术，对被子植物中罕见的大戟科珠被的组织发生起源进行了重新研究，并将这些新方法应用于朴树科和Ulamceae的胚胎学观察.通过对铁苋科（Acalyphaaustralis）、泽漆（Euphorbiahelioscopia）、铁苋科（E. supina和叶下珠（Phyllanthus urinaria）是真皮来源的，而不是先前报道的皮下来源（Bor & Bouman，1974; Bor & Kapil，1976）。Nomarski干涉光学清楚地区分发育中珠被的细胞衍生物。这一结果表明，大戟科与其它被子植物珠被的组织发生模式不再存在差距.首次对榆科（Geltidaceae-Ulmaceae）15（-18）属植物的花粉细胞数量进行了广泛的观察。结果表明：在朴树科的糙叶隐花霉、芒毛藻、榆科的全缘叶松和半蕨中均发现二细胞花粉;在榆科的Planera aquatica和榉树中发现二细胞和三细胞花粉;在榆科的榆中发现三细胞花粉。研究结果表明，榆科中的一个有限的属群发生了由2-细胞花粉到3-细胞花粉的进化变化，而朴树科中没有.通过对糙叶隐花草幼胚珠的观察，发现Nomarski干涉光学法能较好地反映出种子的咬接、厚珠心等胚胎学特征。