Hydrolysis of Woody Material and Utilization by High Steam Reactor

以蒸汽爆炸工艺为预处理工艺，对微生物将木质纤维素材料转化为能源进行了实验研究。落叶松和桉树的木屑在不同的蒸汽压力和加热时间下爆炸。产物分为水溶性半纤维素、纤维素、甲醇溶木质素和克拉森木质素。通过实验测定了爆炸对木质素、木质素、半纤维素和纤维素浓度的影响。用爆炸木样考察了爆炸对酶解糖化的影响。爆炸处理对木材的去木质素和增加其酶解敏感性是有效的。比较了三种培养体系的酶水解和乙醇产量：两步酶糖化和发酵的液体培养，固定化细胞培养，糖化和发酵同时培养。因此，从爆炸的木材中生产酒精是最有效的。根据单位能耗糖化率与蒸汽压力和反应时间的关系线图，对该爆炸系统的最佳运行条件进行了评价。结果表明，落叶松的单位能耗糖化率与蒸汽压力和反应时间的比值在4.3 MPA压力和反应时间3 min时达到最大值，桉树的单位能耗糖化率在3.7 MPA压力和反应时间2 min时达到最大值。

The application of bioprocess system for microbial conversion of lignocellulosic materials into energy was studied experimentally by using steam explosion process as pretreatment. Wood chips of Larix leptolepis and Eucalyptus were exploded at various pressures of steam and times of heating. The products were separated into water-soluble hemicellulose, cellulose, methanol-soluble lignin and Klason lignin. The effects of explosion on the concentration of methanol-soluble lignin, Klason lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose were determined from the experimental data. The effect of explosion on the enzymatic saccharification was examined by using exploded wood samples. The explosion treatment was found to be effective for delignification of the wood and for increasing its susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis. The enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol productivity were compared in three culture systems: a liquid cultures of two steps of the enzymatic saccharification and fermentation, and immobilized culture of cells,and a simultaneous culture of saccharification and fermentation. As a result, it was the most effective for producing alcohol from exploded wood. The conditions of optimal operation in this explosion system was evaluated from the contour map of ploting ratio of saccharification per unit energy consupmtion against steam pressure and reaction time. It was realized that the ration of saccharification per unit energy consumption against steam pressure and reaction time in Larch attained to the maximum at 4.3 MPA of pressure and 3 minute of reaction time and that of eucalyptus attained to the maximum at 3.7 MPA and 2 minute.