Hydrolysis of Woody Material and Utilization by High Steam Reactor

以蒸汽爆破法为预处理，对木质纤维原料微生物转化为能源的生物处理系统进行了实验研究。对落叶松和桉木的木屑在不同的蒸汽压力和加热时间下进行了爆裂试验。将产品分离为水溶性半纤维素、纤维素、甲醇可溶木质素和克拉森木质素。根据实验数据确定了爆炸对甲醇可溶木质素、克拉森木质素、半纤维素和纤维素浓度的影响。利用爆裂木材样品，考察了爆裂处理对酶糖化的影响。爆炸处理对木材的脱木素和增加其对酶解的敏感性是有效的。比较了酶糖化发酵两步液体培养、细胞固定化培养、糖化发酵同步培养三种培养体系的酶解产率和乙醇产量。因此，它是从爆炸的木材中生产酒精的最有效的方法。通过绘制单位能量消耗糖化率与蒸汽压力和反应时间的等高线图，评价了该爆炸系统的最佳操作条件。结果表明，落叶松的单位能耗糖化与水蒸气压力和反应时间的比值在4.3Mpa和3min时达到最大，桉木在3.7Mpa和2min时达到最大。

The application of bioprocess system for microbial conversion of lignocellulosic materials into energy was studied experimentally by using steam explosion process as pretreatment. Wood chips of Larix leptolepis and Eucalyptus were exploded at various pressures of steam and times of heating. The products were separated into water-soluble hemicellulose, cellulose, methanol-soluble lignin and Klason lignin. The effects of explosion on the concentration of methanol-soluble lignin, Klason lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose were determined from the experimental data. The effect of explosion on the enzymatic saccharification was examined by using exploded wood samples. The explosion treatment was found to be effective for delignification of the wood and for increasing its susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis. The enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol productivity were compared in three culture systems: a liquid cultures of two steps of the enzymatic saccharification and fermentation, and immobilized culture of cells,and a simultaneous culture of saccharification and fermentation. As a result, it was the most effective for producing alcohol from exploded wood. The conditions of optimal operation in this explosion system was evaluated from the contour map of ploting ratio of saccharification per unit energy consupmtion against steam pressure and reaction time. It was realized that the ration of saccharification per unit energy consumption against steam pressure and reaction time in Larch attained to the maximum at 4.3 MPA of pressure and 3 minute of reaction time and that of eucalyptus attained to the maximum at 3.7 MPA and 2 minute.