Development of Large Scale System and Establishment of Control Organization for Solubilization and Resource Conversion of Biowaste

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Effective systems of steam explosion, enzymatic hydrolysis, alcohol fermentation, and resinification were developed for solublization and resource conversion of biowaste. Rice straw as a biowaste was exploded under various operational conditions such as steam pressure of 2.55-4.02 MPa and steaming time of 0.5-10 min. The exploded rice straw was separated into water soluble material, methanol soluble lignin, Klason lignin, and mixture of cellulose and low molecular substance. The effects of steam explosion on the characteristics of the exploded rice straw were studied from the point of view of pH,pore size distribution, amounts of extractive components, and enzymatic saccharification. The enzymatic saccharification was expressed as a function of steam pressure and steaming time. It was estimated from the equation that maximum saccharification was obtained at a steam pressure of 3.3-3.8 MPa and a steaming time of 1.8-2.2 min. Glucose and xylose in the enzymatic hydrolyzate were converted into ethanol rapidly and efficiently. The amount of ethanol produced reached the maximum value at a flow rate of 0.2 vvm. A bioreactor coupled with pervaporation using a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane was developed for the produdction of a higher ethanol concentration from the enzymatic hydrolyzate. The methanol soluble lignin in the rice straw exploded at a steam pressure of 3.53 MPa and a steaming time of 2 min was converted into an excellent thermosetting resin by the epoxy reaction.