BASIC STUDIES ON THE BREEDING OF APPLE ROOTSTOCKS MAKING USE OF TISSUE CULTURE

利用组织培养育种苹果砧木的基础研究

• 批准号: 61560022
• 负责人: ISHIHARA Aiya
• 金额: $ 1.22万
• 依托单位: IWATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1986
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1986 至 1987
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-61560022/
• 关键词: Apple Rootstock; Dwarfing Rootstock; Embryo Culture; Ovule Culture; Breaking Dormancy; Nucellus Culture; 不定胚形成; 葯培養; カルス培養; 再分化; 珠心胚実生

1. Using the hybrid embryos and ovules of apple rootstocks Marubakaidou(Malus prunifolia Bork.var.ringo Asami) x M9(-),the following experiments were done. (1) Hybrid embryos sampled at 71-75 days after polination were cultured on Murashige ・Skoog(MS) agar medium and then were forced to germinate by low temperature treatment. Only 25% of embryos germinated. (2) While, 74% of dormant hybrid embryos could be germinated by gibberellin treatment. (3) Hybrid ovules coglobular embryo sampled at 25 - 29 days after polination were cultured on modified Nitsch(1972) 's medium with and without placenta. Only 1 ovule with placenta developed tomature seed.2. For producing haploids. anther cultures of M9(-) and M26, and unpolinated ovule culture of M26 were carried out. In anther culture,1 culture of 5460 formed embryo, that was presumed to contain 1-nuclear to 2-nuclear stage of pollen at planting. In unpolinated ovule cultures, no embryo was formed.3. For obtaining nucellar seedling and embryogenic calli of M9(-) and Marubakaidou, nucellus cultures were done and embryos and calli of both rootstocks were gaomed. In addition,1 callus of M(9(-)was found to form embryo on MS medium. However, in culture experiments using anti-growth-substances,5-hydroxynitrobenzylbromide, 8-aza-gu-anine, Allar and also abscisic acid, activated charcoal, no adventive embryogenesis was found.

1.以苹果砧木Marubakaidou(Malus prunifolia Bork.var.ringo Asami)×M9(-)的杂交胚和胚珠进行了以下实验。 (1)将授粉后71-75天取样的杂交胚在Murashige·Skoog(MS)琼脂培养基上培养，然后通过低温处理强制发芽。只有25%的胚胎发芽。 (2)而74%的休眠杂交胚经赤霉素处理后可萌发。 (3)在授粉后25-29天取样的杂交胚珠共球胚在含有和不含有胎盘的改良Nitsch(1972)培养基上培养。仅1个带胎盘的胚珠发育成熟种子。2．用于产生单倍体。进行了M9(-)和M26的花药培养以及M26的未授粉胚珠培养。在花药培养中，1个培养物形成了5460个胚，推测其在种植时含有1核至2核阶段的花粉。在未授粉的胚珠培养中，没有形成胚。3．为了获得M9(-)和Marubakaidou的珠心苗和胚性愈伤组织，进行了珠心培养并对两种砧木的胚和愈伤组织进行了发育。另外，在MS培养基上发现1个M(9(-)愈伤组织形成胚，但在5-羟基硝基溴化物、8-氮杂鸟嘌呤、Allar以及脱落酸、活性炭等抗生长物质的培养实验中，未发现不定胚发生。