Mechanism of dwarfing caused by dwarfing rootstock in peach.

桃砧木矮化引起的矮化机理.

• 批准号: 07456014
• 负责人: IWAHORI Shuichi
• 金额: $ 0.83万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TSUKUBA
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1995 至 1997
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07456014/
• 关键词: peach trees; Prunus tomentosa rootstock; dwarfing rootstock; polyphenol; cytochemical chemistr; distribution of dry mattery; photosynthesis; union of graft; 光合成速度; Sink; sink

To elucidate the mechanism of dwarfing caused by dwarfing rootstock, peach trees on peach and on Prunus tomentosa (dwarf) rootstocks were compared for tree growth, photosynthesis and transpiration rates, distribution of dry matter as well as microscopic observation of graft unions and cytochemical and chemical analysis of polyphenols.Trees on P.tomentosa grew slower and was about half the height of the trees on peach rootstock at 3 years after planting. Peaches on P.tomentosa showed a lower photosynthetic rate probably because of the lower stomata density of the leaves. Although transpiration rate was not different between the trees on peach stock and on P.tomentosa, the trees on dwarf stock showed lower leaf water potential which fluctuated more in a day. Dry matter distributed more into roots in the trees on dwarfstocks while total number of leaves was more on the trees on vigorous stocks.Observation of the graft union revealed that in peach-peach combination, the process of formatio … More n of callus to the completion of the connection of vasculars developed successfully, and at six month after grafting almost all necrotic cells had been vanished. On the contrary, considerable amount of the necrotic tissues remained in peach-tomentosa combination.Callus at the union was not stained, in the peach-peach combination but after the graft completion bark cells stained blue indicating that peach contains more polyphenols. While, in peach-tomentosa combinations callus cells at the union was surrounded by the blue-stained cells where necrotic cells were also observed which seemed to prevent the complete union of the graft. HPLC analysis of acetone extracts of the graft union detected 4 unidentified polyphenols of which retention times were more than 15 minutes. These polyphenols were present more in the peach-peach combinations, in particular, at the rootstock portion, but not present at tomentosa rootstocks.From these results, it is suggested that in the peach-tomentosa combination polyphenol substance may translocate from peach scion to tomentosa stock at the union and exert adverse effect on the cells of tomentosa resulting in incomplete grafting. Less

为阐明矮化砧矮化桃树的机理，以桃树和毛樱桃（Prunus tomentosa）为矮化砧，比较了桃树和毛樱桃（Prunus tomentosa）矮化砧桃树的生长、光合速率和蒸腾速率，结果表明，毛白杨嫁接苗生长缓慢，3年后，其株高只有桃砧木的一半左右，但在嫁接苗生长过程中，毛白杨和桃砧木的株高差异不显著种植。毛白杨上桃的光合速率较低，可能与叶片气孔密度较低有关。桃砧和毛白杨的蒸腾速率差异不大，但矮化砧的叶水势较低，日波动较大。矮化砧的干物质更多地分配到根系中，而健壮砧的叶片总数较多，嫁接体的观察表明，桃-桃组合中，嫁接体的形成过程是一个缓慢的过程。 ...更多信息 愈伤组织的生长发育顺利，6个月后坏死细胞基本消失。桃-毛组合则有大量坏死组织残留，桃-桃组合的愈合处的愈伤组织不染色，但嫁接完成后树皮细胞染成蓝色，表明桃含有较多的多酚。而桃-绒毛组合中，愈合处的愈伤组织细胞被蓝色染色的细胞包围，其中还观察到坏死细胞，这似乎阻止了移植物的完全愈合。对嫁接体丙酮提取物的HPLC分析检测到4种未鉴定的多酚，其保留时间大于15分钟。这些多酚物质在桃-桃组合中含量较高，尤其是在砧木部位，而在毛白杨砧木中含量较低，说明桃-毛白杨组合中多酚物质可能从桃接穗转移到毛白杨砧木中，并对毛白杨细胞产生不利影响，导致嫁接不完全。少

项目成果

Salvatierra, G.・M.A.・H.Gemma and S., Iwahori: "Partitioning of carbohydrates and development of tissues in the grant union of peaches grafted onto Prums tacentasa Thumb.rootstack." J.Japan.Soc.Hart.Sci.67(in press). (1998)

Salvatierra，G.·M.A.·H.Gemma 和 S.，Iwahori：“嫁接到 Prums tacentasa Thumb.rootstack 上的桃子的授予结合中碳水化合物的分配和组织的发育 J.Japan.Soc.Hart.Sci.67” （出版中）。

Salvatierra-G.・M.A.・H.Gemma and S., Iwahori: "Possible phenolic compounds determined at the graft union of peach trees gratted onto P.tomertsa." J.Japan.Soc.Hort.Sci.67(suppl.1). (1998)

Salvatierra-G.・M.A.・H.Gemma 和 S., Iwahori：“在 P.tomertsa 上的桃树嫁接处测定的可能的酚类化合物。” J.Japan.Soc.Hort.Sci.67(suppl.1) ）（1998）。

Salvatierra-G., M.A., H.Gemma and S.Iwahori: "Possible phenolic compounds determined at the graft union of peach trees grafted onto P.tomentosa." J.Japan.Soc.Hort.Sci. 67 : (Suppl, 1). (1998)

Salvatierra-G.、M.A.、H.Gemma 和 S.Iwahori：“在嫁接到毛桃树上的桃树的嫁接处确定了可能的酚类化合物。”

アンヘリカ, サルバティエラ・弦間 洋・北沢 めぐみ・寺門 巌・岩堀 修一: "矮性台モモの生育特性について" 園芸学会雑誌. 64(2). 112-113 (1995)

Angelica、Salvatierra、Hiroshi Genma、Megumi Kitazawa、Iwao Terakado、Shuichi Iwahori：“矮生桃的生长特性”，日本园艺学会杂志 64（2）112-113（1995）。

Salvatierra-G., M.A., H.Gemma, M.Ikezawa, I.Terakado and S.Iwahori: "Physiological and Morphological characteristics of dwarfing behavior on the peach tree grafted onto P.tomentosa rootstocks.(in Japanese)" J.Japan.Soc.Hort.Sci.64 : (Suppl.2). 112-113 (19

Salvatierra-G.、M.A.、H.Gemma、M.Ikezawa、I.Terakado 和 S.Iwahori：“嫁接到 P.tomentosa 砧木上的桃树矮化行为的生理和形态特征。（日语）” J.Japan