Immunocytochemical localization of bioactive neuropeptides in the hypothalamus and their roles in regulation of anterior pituitary function.

为阐明下丘脑神经肽在垂体前叶功能调节中的作用，用免疫细胞化学方法研究了鹌鹑、仓鼠和日本长臂猿下丘脑神经肽的分布;促黄体生成素释放激素（LHRH）、生长抑素（SOM）、促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子（CRF）、生长抑素释放因子（GRF）、垂体后叶素（AVP）、催产素（OT）、脑啡肽（ENK）、P物质（SP）和神经肽Y。在鹌鹑、鸡和仓鼠中，LHRH免疫反应性胞体稀疏地分布于视前核（POP）和隔内侧核（SM），而在日本长指蝙蝠中，LHRH免疫反应性胞体分布于下丘脑基底部，在弓状核中尤为丰富，并向正中隆起和漏斗柄的内层投射纤维。在鸡和鹌鹑的下丘脑和正中隆起未见抗cGnRH-Ⅱ的免疫反应细胞和纤维，SOM免疫反应胞体广泛分布于下丘脑，主要分布于视前区、室旁核（PVN）、腹内侧核和弓状核。它们将轴突投射到前正中隆起的外层。在仓鼠和日本长臂猿，CRF免疫反应阳性细胞分布于室旁核和内侧视前区，并投射到前正中隆起的外层，GRF阳性胞体仅见于弓状核，并投射至正中隆起后部。

To elucidate the role of hypothalamic neuropeptides in regulation of anterior pituitary function, Japanese quail, hamster and Japanese longfingered bat were used for immunocytochemical study of distribution of the following neuropeptides in the hypothalamus; luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), somatostatin(SOM), corticotropin-releasing factor(CRF), growth hormone-releasing factor(GRF), arginin vasopressin(AVP), oxytocin (OT), enkephalin(ENK), substance p(SP) and neuropeptide Y.In the quail, chicken and hamster, LHRH-immunoreactive perikarya were sparsely scattered in the nucleus preopticus(POP) and nucleus septalis medialis (SM), while in the Japanese long-fingered bat, they were scattered throughout the basal hypothalamus, being particularly abundant in the arcuate nucleus, and they project fibers to the internal layer of the median eminence and infundibular stalk. No immunoreactie cells and fibers against anti-cGnRH-II were observed in the hypothalamus and median eminence of the chicken or quail.SOM-immunoreactive perikarya were widely distributed in the hypothalamus, mainly in the preoptic area, paraventricular nucleus(PVN) and ventromedial and arcuate nuclei. They projected axons to the external layer of the anterior median eminince. SOM perikarya in the PVN of the bat were also reacted to anti-OT serum to suggested probable coexistence of two poptides in one neurons.In the hamster and Japanese long-fingered bat, CRF-immunoreactice perikarya were distributed in the paraventricular nucleus and medial preoptic area and projected into the external layer of the anterior median eminence, while GRF-immunoreactive perikarya occurred only in the arcuate nucleus and projected into the posterior part of the median eminince.