Facial expression and neural activities in the fronto-opercular cortex during tasting behavior in monkeys

实验记录了警觉猴在进行味觉行为时，包括味觉区在内的额眼皮层的神经活动。同时还记录了猴子的面部表情、咬肌的神经活动和肌电图活动。(1) 2只日本猕猴随机饮水，在其脑脊液中发现3种类型的神经元；on型神经元在液体应用开始时有相位反应，mo型神经元在口腔运动（如咀嚼）时激活，味觉神经元在不同的味觉溶液中被不同的激活。在on型和mo型神经元中，有几个在嘴唇和/或口腔中有RFs的触觉神经元被识别出来。on型神经元分布于上颌各部位，而mo型神经元较多分布于PrCO和味觉神经元G、1-2和OFO区。(2)训练两只猴子进行GO-NOGO任务，以区分NaCL （GO提示）和water…More （NOGO提示）。蔗糖作为奖励，奎宁作为惩罚。从NaCL入渗到压条的反应时间和%校正率与NaCL浓度有关。顶部的神经元对两种线索刺激（a型）、一种线索刺激（b型）或蔗糖或奎宁（c型）作出反应。a型神经元在PrCO深度深，被认为与任务表现中的注意力有关。b型位于G区、1-2区和OFO区，被认为是味觉神经元。c型神经元位于G区、1-2区和PrCO区。其中一些可能与心理因素有关，即奖励或惩罚，一些可能是味觉神经元。在两种慢性实验中，味觉神经元位于G区和1-2区，与之前用麻醉猴子进行的急性实验一样。前皮层的神经元可能与任务执行中的注意力有关。Rolls等人（1985）认为OFO可能包含高阶味觉神经元。(3)味觉与样本匹配任务是利用多种味觉溶液作为线索刺激。在不久的将来，将对执行这项任务的猴子的上颚神经元进行研究。少

Neural activities were recorded in the fronto-opercular cortex (Fop) including the gustatory area, of alert monkeys which were conducting tasting behavior. Facial ex-pression of the monkey was also recorded on video-tape, together with neural activities and EMG activities in the masseter. (1) in the Fop of two Japanese monkeys, drinking randomly given fluid from a spout, 3 types of neurons were noticed; On-type neurons re-sponding phasically at the onset of fluid application, Mo-type neurons activated during oral movement, e.g., chewing, and taste neurons differentially activated by different taste solutions. Among the On-type and Mo-type neurons, several tactile neurons with RFs on the lip and/or in the oral cavity were recognized. Though On-type neurons were found at all parts of the Fop, many Mo-type neurons were rather localized at the PrCO and taste neurons at areas G, 1-2 and OFO. (2) Two monkeys were trained to perform GO-NOGO task to discriminate between NaCL (GO cue) and water … More (NOGO cue). Sucrose were used as reward, and quinine as punishment. Reaction time from NaCL infiltration to bar-pressing and % correction ratio were dependent upon NaCL concentration. Neurons in the Fop re-sponded either to both cue stimuli (A-type), one of the cues (B-type), or to sucrose or quinine (C-type). A-type neurons were profound at the PrCO and assumed to be related to the attention in the task performance. B-type were located at areas G, 1-2 and OFO, and considered as taste neurons. C-type neurons were at aresa G, 1-2, and PrCO. Some of them might be related to psychological factor, i.e., reward or punishment, some might be taste neurons. Taste neurons were found in areas G and 1-2 in two types of chronic ex-periments, as in the previous acute experiment using anesthetized monkeys. Neurons in the PrCO may be related to attention in taskperformance. OFO may contained higher-order taste neurons as suggested by Rolls et al. (1985). (3) Gustatory matching to sample task was developed to use a number of taste solutions as cue stimuli to monkeys. Neurons in the Fop of monkeys performing this task will be investigated in near future. Less