Photon momentum enabled reproducible and SI traceable small-force, -mass and laser power measurements

在这个方案中，描述了利用普朗克常数测量基于量子电学的可重复性和SI可追迹框架的光子动量设置的必要研究。其基础是将Kibble平衡(即普朗克平衡-PB2)和光子动量这两个最先进的测量原理整合在一起，使用来自超高反射镜的多反射激光束的特殊配置来实现力放大效果。除了作为一个研究平台，能够研究几个基本的计量(测量方法学)问题，并将最先进的测量原理提高到一个新的水平，它还基于传统的测量方法和常见的高性价比材料，在单个部件级别上构建，从而获得实际好处，例如，作为全球计量机构高度要求的标准计量装置，用于改进高精度和高精度小质量、小力和高能激光光功率测量和仪器校准的工业系统，在区分量子和经典机械测量领域的操作(测量)范围内，只有使用像约瑟夫森效应和量子霍尔效应这样的宏观量子电学现象，才能获得最小的可能的可重复性和SI可追踪性的测量量，并且具有可接受的相对测量不确定度。因此，通过这个DFG项目，正在为建立科学技术基础和实现量子力学和经典力学之间的联系做出重要贡献。换算成光功率和力值，可以说，这个范围是几微瓦到约1 W的功率级别，以及10微N(Mg)到10 pN(Ng)的力级别。因此，拟议的工作解决了尚未实际实现的小作用力(范围：10微N至10 NN)、质量(1毫克至1微克)和光功率(毫瓦至100瓦)测量的前沿领域，使用全新的最先进方法以可重复性和SI可追溯的方式进行测量。因此，本提案的主要研究和开发工作是针对即将到来的完整测量不确定度评估。目标是确定低于100nN的光子动量产生力的相对测量不确定度，并获得10微N-0.001(&lt；0.1%)、1微N-1%的估计不确定度。

In this proposal, the necessary research on the photon momentum setup with reproducible and SI traceable framework of quantum electrical-based measurements via Planck’s constant is described. The basis is a setup that integrates two State-of-the-Art measurement principles together, Kibble balance (i.e. Planck Balance – PB2) and photon momentum, using a special co nfiguration of the multi-reflected laser beam from ultra-high reflective mirrors for achieving a force amplification effect. Besides serving as a research platform that enables to investigate several fundamental metrological (measurement methodology) questions and raising the bar of State-of-the-Art measurement principles to the next level, it is constructed on individual component level based on conventional measurement methods and commonly available cost-effective materials allowing to obtain practical benefits, e.g. as a standard metrology setup highly demanded by metrology institutes globally, an industrial system for improved high precision and high accuracy small mass, small force and high energy laser optical power measurements and instrumentation calibrations, etc. Much attention deserves the operational (measurement) range that separates the quantum and classical mechanical measurement domains where only the use of macroscopic quantum electrical phenomena like the Josephson effect, and Quantum Hall effect allows to obtain the smallest possible reproducible and SI traceable measurement quantities with acceptable relative measurement uncertainties. Therefore, with this DFG project, an important contribution is being made for the creation of the scientific-technical foundations and implementation of the link between quantum and classical mechanics. Translated in terms of optical power and force values, arguably, this range stands at the several µW up to about 1 W level for power and 10 µN (mg) down to 10 pN (ng) for forces. Hence, the proposed work addresses not yet practically realized frontiers of small force (range: 10 µN to 10 nN), mass (1 mg to 1 µg), and optical power (mW to 100 W) measurements using fundamentally new State-of-the-Art methodology in a reproducible and SI traceable manner. And thus, the main research and development effort of the current proposal is aiming toward forthcoming complete measurement uncertainty estimations. The goal is to identify the relative measurement uncertainty of photon momentum generated forces below 100 nN and achieve estimated uncertainty for 10 µN – <0.001 (<0.1%), 1 µN – 1%.