Comparative Political Studies on Party Factions

政党派系作为日本政治研究的一个重要因素，其性质、结构或政治功能一直没有得到充分系统的研究。造成这种情况的部分原因实际上在于，不仅政党派系，派系本身也被认为是前现代社会结构的副产品，而且派系政治被视为政党制度的病态现象，因为在大多数西方民主观念中，竞争性两党制是自然和适当的。随着对非西方国家政党政治认识的不断增加和英美民主的替代模式的发展，阻碍研究各党派的因素逐渐减弱。在这样一个较好的学科条件下，我们的合作研究试图通过对一些国家重要案例的探究，得出关于派别主义或政党派系的命题清单，更多地将社会学或文化人类学等邻近学科的批判性理论成果应用于政党派系，构建关于派系结构和功能的中庸理论。更具体地说，本研究的目的是将政党派别作为政治过程中的一个重要的自变量而不是因变量来研究。由于我们将历史因素和社会结构因素作为政治派别形成的重要因素，询问其结构和功能，我们尽可能地收集经验数据，相互比较，并在数据的基础上使派系的重要概念具有可操作性。另一方面，我们试图从其与主导政党制度和裙带关系的关系出发，探讨政党派系的结构和功能模式。最后，我们以日本的政党制度和政治过程作为分析点，将我们的研究结果应用于此。少

While party faction has been regarded as an important factor to refer to Japanese politics, its nature,structure or political function has not been fully and systematically studied. Parts of the reason to this situation can be actually be found in the fact that not only party factions but factions themselves have been considered to be by-products of premodern social structure and the fact that faction politics has been seen as pathological phenomenon of the party system from the perspective that competitive two-party system is natural and proper in most Western conceptions of democracy. As knowledge on party politics in non-Western countries has been increasing and some alternative models to angro-american democracy have been developed, obstructing factors for studying all party factions become attenuated.Under such a better disciplinary condition, out co-operative research seeked to draw an inventory of propositions on factionalism or party factions by inquiring into important case st … More udies of some countries, to apply critical theoretical fruits drwan from neighboring disciplines like sociology or cultural anthropology to political party factions and to build middle-range theories on the structure and function of factions. More concretely speaking, this research aimed to study party faction comparatively not as an dependent variable but as an important independent variable in the political processes.As we regarded historical factors and socio structural factors as important in the formation of political factions to ask fheir structures and functions, we tried to collect empirical data as much as possible, to compare them each other and to make important concepts of factions oprational on the basis of data. On the other hand, we seeked to inquire into the pattern of party faction's structure and function by focusing on its relation to predominant party system and clientelism. Finally we picked up japanese party system and political process as analytical sites to which we should apply our findings from foregoing studies. Less