Determinants of Inter- and Intra-Individual Differences in Text Comprehension.

本研究的目的是调查是否Perfetti的言语效率理论可以适用于日语（第一部分）和英语，法语或德语，作为一门外语学习（第二部分）。更具体地说，检查了（a）学生对目标语言文本的阅读理解是否会受到他们对该语言中的单词的发声潜伏期的影响，以及（B）对于伪单词的影响是否会大于对于真实的单词的影响，以及对于较难的单词的影响是否会大于较容易的单词的影响。在第一部分中，我们发现，在五年级时，熟练阅读者对平假名、汉字和巴音词的发音时间比不熟练阅读者短，而对假词的发音时间的差异并不比对真词的发音时间的差异大（实验1-3），这表明，平假名的解码技能的获得是容易的，汉字的解码没有普遍的规则。在大学生中，熟练和不熟练的阅读者在用平假名或汉字命名单词方面的差异可以忽略不计（实验4和5），这可能是因为他们的词汇访问是一致的自动的。在第二部分中，英语单词的发音延迟被发现是英语阅读理解测试（实验5和6）得分的一个显着（负）预测因素。然而，没有显着的相关性之间的发声潜伏期和阅读理解，无论是芬奇或德国（实验6）。

Aims of the present study were to investigate whether Perfetti's verbal efficiency theory could be applied to Japanese (in Part I) and to English, French or German, learned as a foreign language (in Part II). More specifically, it was examined (a) whether students, reading comprehension of a text in the target language would be affected by their vocalization latency of words in that language, and (b) whether the effects would be greater for pseudowords than for real words, and for harder words than easier words..In Part I vocalization latencies of words written in hiragan Ba and kanji were found to be shorter for skilled readers than for less skilled readers at the 5th-grada, The reader differences were found not to be greater for pseudowords than for realwords (Experiments 1-3), suggesting that the acquisition of decoding skill of hragana is easy and there are no general decoding rules for Kanji. Differences between skilled and less skilled readers among university students were negligible in naming words either in hiragana or Kanji (Experiments 4 & 5), probably because the lexical access was uniformly automatic for them.In Part II vocalization latencies of English words were found to be a significant (negatieve) predictor of the score on the test of English reading comprehension (Experiments 5 & 6). However, no significant correlation was found between the vocalization latency and reading comprehension either for Fench or German (Experiment 6).