Determinants of Inter- and Intra-Individual Differences in Text Comprehension.

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Aims of the present study were to investigate whether Perfetti's verbal efficiency theory could be applied to Japanese (in Part I) and to English, French or German, learned as a foreign language (in Part II). More specifically, it was examined (a) whether students, reading comprehension of a text in the target language would be affected by their vocalization latency of words in that language, and (b) whether the effects would be greater for pseudowords than for real words, and for harder words than easier words..In Part I vocalization latencies of words written in hiragan Ba and kanji were found to be shorter for skilled readers than for less skilled readers at the 5th-grada, The reader differences were found not to be greater for pseudowords than for realwords (Experiments 1-3), suggesting that the acquisition of decoding skill of hragana is easy and there are no general decoding rules for Kanji. Differences between skilled and less skilled readers among university students were negligible in naming words either in hiragana or Kanji (Experiments 4 & 5), probably because the lexical access was uniformly automatic for them.In Part II vocalization latencies of English words were found to be a significant (negatieve) predictor of the score on the test of English reading comprehension (Experiments 5 & 6). However, no significant correlation was found between the vocalization latency and reading comprehension either for Fench or German (Experiment 6).