PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION FROM MINUTE BLOODSTAINS BY DOT ELISA TECHNIQUES

我们设计了一些利用点ELISA技术从血迹中获得有用信息的方法。在用抗人血清蛋白单克隆抗体斑点ELISA法鉴定人血中，抗人白蛋白（anti- alb）方法具有很高的敏感性，且与红胸绢毛猴、新世界猴和非灵长类动物无交叉反应。使用抗人免疫球蛋白kappa链（抗igk）的方法敏感性不如使用抗alb的方法，但特异性更强，且与黑猩猩以外的灵长类动物无交叉反应。我们的抗alb和抗igk的方法在法医实践中是有用的。为了区分成人和胎儿/新生儿的血迹，我们尝试用单克隆抗人IgA和抗人AFP，用斑点ELISA法从同一血迹提取液中检测IgA和AFP。通过这种方法，我们能够将胎儿/新生儿的血迹与成人的血迹区分开来，直到染色准备一年后。使用该方法，可以很容易地将血AFP水平升高的病理成人（如肝癌患者）的血迹与胎儿/新生儿的血迹区分开来。用单克隆抗a、抗b和抗h的斑点ELISA法可以从血迹中进行ABO血型的分型，也可以从血迹中进行MN血型的分型。

We have devised some methods using a dot ELISA technique to obtain-informations useful for the personal identification from bloodstains.1. In the identification of human bloodstains by dot ELISA methods using monoclonal antibodies against human serum proteins, the method using anti-human albumin (anit-ALB) was very sensitive and did not show cross-reaction with red-chested tamarin, one of new world monkeys, and non-primate animals. The method using anti-human immunoglobulin kappa chain (anti-Igk) was not so sensitive as the method using anti-ALB but the specificity was more improved and did not show any cross-reaction with primates other than chimpanzee. Our methods using anti-ALB and anti-Igk would be useful in forensic practice.2. For the discrimination between adult and fetal/neonatal bloodstains, we tried to detect IgA and AFP from the same bloodstain extract by the dot ELISA method using monoclonal antihuman IgA and anti-human AFP. By this method, we were able to discriminate fetal/neonatal bloodstains from adult ones until one year after the stain preparation. Using this method, bloodstains from pathologic adults with increased blood AFP level such as patients with hepatoma could be easily discriminated from fetal/neonatal bloodstains.3. ABO blood grouping from bloodstains was possible by the dot ELISA using monoclonal anti-A, Anti-B and anti-H, and the possibility of MN blood typing from bloodstains by the dot ELISA have been suggested.