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Legal and Economical Study on Coastal Protection and Management

海岸带保护与管理的法律与经济研究

基本信息

批准号：
63041118
负责人：
AWAJI Takehisa
金额：
$ 9.6万
依托单位：
Rikkyo University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1988
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1988 至 1990
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-63041118/
关键词：
Coastal Zone Coastal Zone and Environment National Trust Purchase of Land Easement・Lease Land Use Control of Coastal Zone National Park Coastal Conservation Act

项目摘要

Summary of the Research1. This comparative study project has been done to analyze the legal and economic institutions on coastal conservation and management in the U. S., United Kingdom and France.2. Legal aspect ; (1) There are two instruments, the instrument of private law on the one hand and that of land use control on the other hand. The use of these instruments depends on ; whether or not a right to the land under sea exists, how legal control to development pressure and investment for the land is, how the taxation to donation is, how land use control is and how compensation is in case of the prohibition of land use. (2) Concerning the purchase method, U. K. system of National Trust is one of the models of those which are founded on private donation, and French Conservatory is a model of public institution. Recently, these instruments work when development's pressure come arises. In the U. S., there are these two types of institutions ; i. e. foundation established to purchase lands to be preserved (Washington D. C.), establishment of the public credits to purchase lands (California). Land easement and land lease is used in U. K. and the U. S. (i. e. California in the U. S. Gower in U. K.). (3) Land use control consists of ; the special institution such as national parks and national reserves on the one hand and the general institution such as urban regulation or POS (plan occupation de sol in France). In this connection, French "pre-emption" system is interesting because it is useful to stop the increase of land price (Languedoc-Roussin developement).3. Economical aspect ; (1) Each of these instruments will be used in each region and in each case when it is considered to be the best. But in Suffolk in U. K., these instruments may be institutionally integated by the consultation system of three organization ; National Trust and two other public commissions. Mixture of the public interventie and civil law method is worth being studied.

研究综述1.这一比较研究项目是为了分析美国、英国和法国在海岸保护和管理方面的法律和经济制度。法律方面；(1)有两种文书，一方面是私法文书，另一方面是土地用途管制文书。这些工具的使用取决于：海底土地权利是否存在，对土地开发压力和投资的法律控制如何，捐赠的税收如何，土地使用管制如何，以及在禁止土地使用的情况下如何补偿。(2)在购买方式上，英国国家信托制度是建立在私人捐赠基础上的国家信托制度的典范之一，法国音乐学院是公共机构的典范。最近，当发展的压力出现时，这些工具就会发挥作用。在美国，有这两种类型的机构：即为购买要保护的土地而建立的基金会(华盛顿特区)，建立购买土地的公共信用(加利福尼亚州)。土地地役权和土地租赁权在英国和美国(即美国的加利福尼亚州和英国的高尔)使用。(3)土地用途管制包括：一方面是国家公园和国家保护区等专门机构，另一方面是城市管制或POS(法国的规划占用)等一般机构。在这方面，法国的“优先购买权”制度很有趣，因为它有助于阻止土地价格的上涨(朗格多克-罗辛开发项目)。经济方面；(1)每一种手段都将在每个地区使用，在每一种情况下都被认为是最好的。但在英国的萨福克，这些文书可能在制度上被三个组织组成的咨询系统所整合：国家信托和其他两个公共委员会。公共干预与民法方法的融合是值得研究的。