Legal and Economical Study on Coastal Protection and Management

研究总结1.本文通过对美国海岸带保护与管理的法律的制度和经济制度的比较研究，分析了美国海岸带保护与管理的法律制度和经济制度。美国，联合王国和法国。法律的方面：（1）有两个文书，一方面是私法文书，另一方面是土地用途管制文书。这些手段的使用取决于：是否存在对海底土地的权利，如何对开发压力和对土地的投资进行法律的控制，如何对捐赠征税，如何控制土地使用，以及在禁止土地使用的情况下如何补偿。(2)在购买方式上，美国政府采取了一种新的购买方式。K.国家信托制度是建立在私人捐赠基础上的一种制度模式，法国音乐学院是公共机构的一种模式。最近，当发展的压力出现时，这些工具就起作用了。在美国美国，有这两种类型的机构，一，e.为购买需要保护的土地而建立的基金会（华盛顿D。C.），建立购买土地的公共信贷（加州）。土地地役权和土地租赁在美国被广泛使用。K.和联合S.（一）e.美国的加州。S. Gower在U. K.）。(3)土地使用管制包括国家公园、国家保护区等特殊制度和城市规划等一般制度。在这方面，法国的“优先购买权”制度是有趣的，因为它是有用的，以阻止土地价格的增长（EQUEDOC-EQUEDOSIN DEVELOPMENT）。3.经济方面;（1）这些手段中的每一种都将在每个区域和每种情况下被认为是最好的时候使用。但在美国的萨福克郡，K.，这些文书可以通过三个组织的协商系统在体制上整合起来：国家信托和另外两个公共委员会。公共干预与民事法律手段相结合是一种值得研究的方法。

Summary of the Research1. This comparative study project has been done to analyze the legal and economic institutions on coastal conservation and management in the U. S., United Kingdom and France.2. Legal aspect ; (1) There are two instruments, the instrument of private law on the one hand and that of land use control on the other hand. The use of these instruments depends on ; whether or not a right to the land under sea exists, how legal control to development pressure and investment for the land is, how the taxation to donation is, how land use control is and how compensation is in case of the prohibition of land use. (2) Concerning the purchase method, U. K. system of National Trust is one of the models of those which are founded on private donation, and French Conservatory is a model of public institution. Recently, these instruments work when development's pressure come arises. In the U. S., there are these two types of institutions ; i. e. foundation established to purchase lands to be preserved (Washington D. C.), establishment of the public credits to purchase lands (California). Land easement and land lease is used in U. K. and the U. S. (i. e. California in the U. S. Gower in U. K.). (3) Land use control consists of ; the special institution such as national parks and national reserves on the one hand and the general institution such as urban regulation or POS (plan occupation de sol in France). In this connection, French "pre-emption" system is interesting because it is useful to stop the increase of land price (Languedoc-Roussin developement).3. Economical aspect ; (1) Each of these instruments will be used in each region and in each case when it is considered to be the best. But in Suffolk in U. K., these instruments may be institutionally integated by the consultation system of three organization ; National Trust and two other public commissions. Mixture of the public interventie and civil law method is worth being studied.