Evaluation of Non-Regulatory Legal Instruments in Environmental Law - Focussing on Legal Countermeasures Against Global Warming

1本研究旨在评估非管制性法律的工具，重点是全球变暖的法律的对策;即，自愿方法，特别是自愿协议。2约40个二氧化碳排放量来自日本的工业部门。“经济团体联合会的自愿方法”是该部门最重要的对策之一，已被纳入日本政府的全球变暖战略，称为“促进全球变暖对策指南”。（自愿办法、自愿协议）与最终二氧化碳减排目标的比较;B -评价如何管理各种手段以实现其目标（透明度、第三方评估）; c -如何获得遵守的评价。4从上述3-a的观点来看，“经团联自愿方法”将得到好评，但与3-B和3-c相比，这两项措施的优点并不明显。5日本地方政府很早就开始采用“自愿协议”这一法律的手段作为防治环境污染的措施。在一些欧盟国家，这些文书被作为对抗全球变暖的措施而采用。从3-B和3-c的角度来看，自愿协议可以得到很好的评价。至于3-a，评价的好坏取决于如何邀请企业缔结这样一项协定：如何激励企业缔结环境协定的问题。

1 This Research aims to evaluate non-regulatory legal instruments, focussing on legal countermeasures against global warming ; ie , voluntary approaches and voluntary agreements in particular.2 About 40 percents of CO2 emmision come from the indusrial sector in Japan. The "Keidanren's Voluntary Approach" is one of the most important contermeasures in this sector which has been incorporated into the golobal warming stratgegy of the Government of Japan, which is called the "Promoting Guideline for Coutermeasures against Global Warming".3 Methods of evaluation in this research consists ofa - evaluation of weights of these two instruments (voluntary approaches, voluntaty agreements) in comparing with the final CO2 reduction goal ;b - evaluation of how to manage the instruments to attain their goal (transparency, evaluation by a third party) ;c - evaluation of how to get compliance.4 The "Keidanren's Voluntary Approach" would be given good points from the view point of 3-a mentioned above, but not good points from that of 3-b and 3-c.5 The legal instrument "voluntary agreements" have been applied since long time ago as coutermeasures against environmental pollution in local governmental level in Japan. In several EU countries such instruments are introduced as coutermesures against global warming.Voluntary agreements could be given good points from the view point of 3-b and 3-c. As to 3-a, good or bad evaluation depends on how to invite enterprises to conclude such an agreement : question of how to make an incentive to conclude an environmental agreement.