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The Study of Vegetational and Climatic Changes in Greece and Turkey -Especially in Relation to the Rise and Fall of the Civilizations-

希腊和土耳其的植被和气候变化研究——特别是与文明兴衰的关系——

基本信息

批准号：
63044099
负责人：
YASUDA Yoshinori
金额：
$ 5.76万
依托单位：
International Research Center for Japanese Studies (1989-1990)Hiroshima University (1988)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1988
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1988 至 1990
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Our joint research project which was aided by a grant under The Monbusho International Scientific Research Program obtained remarkable results in the the vegetational and climatic changes in Turkey and Greece.Firstly, we found clear evidence of the existence of the huge pluvial lake in the Anatolia plateau around 25000 years B. P. by the coring and pollen analysis of the Tuz Gol.Secondly, we revealed the environmental background of the birth of the oldest city civilization in the Middle East. The climatic changes around 5000 years B. P., which were cleared by the pollen analytical studies of the Korone moor and Hotusa moor in Greece, have played an important role in the appearance of the oldest city civilization in the Middle East.Thirdly, the influences of climatic changes around 3000 years B. P. upon the decline of the Hittite Empire was suggested by the pollen analytical studies of the Eruluju moor in Syria and Katuna moor in Greece.Fourthly, the result, up-to- date, is the discovery of the climatic deterioration in the opening period of the Hellenistic Age. Pollen analytical study of the Kaman site in Turkey revealed that the climate became dry after 2200 years B. P. When Alexander invaded to the Middle East, the people's daily life was in an exhausted condition, because of the dry climate.Fifthly, pollen analytical studies of the sediment taken from the moors in Turkey and Greece indicated that there was dense forest which was mainly composed by Pinus and Quercus. Present desolated landscape was brought on by the insatiable destruction of the forest by man.Lastly, in order to widely inform other Japanese researchers about our research, we held a short symposium entitled "Environment and Civilization in the Middle East" on 27, Feb. 1991 in Kyoto.

我们的联合研究项目得到了Monbusho国际科学研究计划的资助，在土耳其和希腊的植被和气候变化方面取得了显著的成果。首先，通过对Tuz Gol的取心和花粉分析，发现了距今25000年左右安纳托利亚高原存在大型洪积湖的明确证据。其次，我们揭示了中东最古老的城市文明诞生的环境背景。希腊Korone荒原和Hotusa荒原的花粉分析研究表明，公元前5000年左右的气候变化对中东最古老的城市文明的出现起了重要作用。第三，对叙利亚埃鲁鲁朱荒原和希腊卡图纳荒原的花粉分析研究表明，公元前3000年左右的气候变化对赫梯帝国的衰落有一定的影响。第四，最新的结果是发现了希腊化时代开始时期的气候恶化。对土耳其卡曼遗址的花粉分析研究表明，公元前2200年后，气候变得干燥。亚历山大入侵中东时，由于气候干燥，人们的日常生活处于疲惫的状态。第五，对土耳其和希腊沼地沉积物的花粉分析表明，该地区有以松、栎树为主的茂密森林。目前荒凉的景观是由于人类对森林无休止的破坏造成的。最后，为了向其他日本研究人员广泛介绍我们的研究，我们于1991年2月27日在京都举行了一次题为“中东环境与文明”的简短研讨会。