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The Origin and Development of Rice Cultivation

水稻种植的起源与发展

基本信息

批准号：
07041036
负责人：
YASUDA Yoshinori
金额：
$ 9.73万
依托单位：
International Research Center for Japanese Studies
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

New results were obtained on the origin of rice cultivation in China. Previous knowledge about the origin of rice cultivation was that the rice cultivation began in Yunan district at 5000 years BP.However, this research project revealed the birth place of the rice cultivation was the middle basin of the the Yangtze Rive especially the area of Hunan province and that the age of the beginning of rice cultivation was older than 12,000 years BP.The Hunan Province is located in the subtropical climate, however, in winter this region is attacked by the cold whether bringing snow. Our results showed that this cold climate in winter, especially during the Younger Dryas in Late glacial period caused the food crisis. This food crisis might be the important element for the people to shift toward cultivation. After that time, the rice cultivation expanded at 7000,5000 and 3000 years BP when the climate deteriorated. This means that the food crisis caused by the climatic deterioration was one of the important elements for the expansion and development of rice agriculture. At 5000 years BP,the urbanization occurred at the Liangzhu cultural area in lower basin of the Yangtze River, at the Qujialing cultural area in middle basin of the Yangtze River and at the Changdu plain in the upper basin of the Yangtze River. In this research project, we excavated the Longmagucheng site in the Chengdu plain and cleard that the huge oblong castle wall 1100m in long axis and 600m in short axis was constucted at 2500BC.The wall was constructed by the destruction of the evergreen broad leafed forest mainly composed by Quercus Cyclobalanopsis and Castanoposis. Houses with garden and canals existed in this fortified town, however, we could not find out the evidence of rice paddy field inside of wall. This urbanized town was declined at 1000BC by the climatic deterioration which mainly caused by the fluctuation of the monsoon.

中国水稻种植起源研究取得新成果。以往关于水稻种植起源的认识是，云南地区在距今5000年前就开始种植水稻。然而，本次研究发现，水稻种植的发源地是长江中游流域，特别是湖南地区，水稻种植开始的年代早于距今12000年。湖南省地处亚热带气候，但该地区冬季会受到寒冷的侵袭，无论是雪。我们的研究结果表明，冬季的寒冷气候，特别是晚冰期的新仙女木期，导致了粮食危机。这次粮食危机或许是人们转向种植的重要因素。此后，距今7000年、5000年和3000年，气候恶化，水稻种植面积扩大。这意味着气候恶化引发的粮食危机是稻作农业扩大和发展的重要因素之一。距今5000年，长江下游良渚文化区、长江中游屈家岭文化区和长江上游昌都平原发生了城市化。在本研究项目中，我们挖掘了成都平原的龙马古城遗址，清理出长轴1100m、短轴600m的巨大长方形城墙，建于公元前2500年。城墙是通过破坏主要由青冈和栲树组成的常绿阔叶林而建造的。这座防御工事的城镇中存在带花园和运河的房屋，但我们无法在城墙内找到稻田的证据。这个城市化城镇在公元前1000年因气候恶化而衰落，这主要是由季风的波动引起的。