An Empirical Studies on Class Bases of Social Movements

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(1) As a result of some theoretical examinations on the theories of class, we have confirmed that it is necessary to reconceptualize the class from the viewpoint of the theory of value which deals with the production and reproduction of material value. We have also confirmed that we need a total social theory which includes not only production and reproduction of material value, but als production and reproduction of spiritual value, in order to create a theory of social class. This theory should be able to explain the new middle class properly.(2) Based on this theoretical standpoint, we have reconsidered the typology of cities. We have tried to construct the new typology of the Japanese cities, namely the core-city, the periphery-city and the middle management city. We found that the building of network of highway transportation has reached to the middle management cities in contemporary Japan. Therefore the middle management cities are now at the crossroads of development, that is t … More hey can either move to the endogenous development or they degenerate into the periphery city.(3) We chose Okayama city as a typical example of the middle management city and conducted hearing survey in the region. As results of this survey, our important findings are as follows. (a) The class bases of social movements are not the single class but multiclasses. (b) There are so many social movements in this region. Furthermore these movements are making network around environmental movements. (c) But many movements still have tendency to be protest movements against policies of local governments, and the character of these movements is quite utopianistic. Therefore movements must have positive policies to social problems in order to be successful.(4) We have also found from this survey that the central value of these movements is the one that can be called as body values. Movements are developed by independent individuals rather than organizations. We have to go beyond the situation that social movements are serialized by political parties. Less