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COMPREHENSIVE SURVEY ON THE EFFECTS OF WATER AND GREEN IN THE FORMATION OF URBAN THERMAL ENVIRONMENT

水与绿对城市热环境形成影响的综合调查

基本信息

批准号：
63302053
负责人：
KATAYAMA Tadahisa
金额：
$ 4.54万
依托单位：
KYUSHU UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
财政年份：
1988
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1988 至 1989
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-63302053/
关键词：
Urban Thermal Environment Water and Green Sea Breeze Surface Temperature Distribution Ratio of vegetation Numerical Simulation Heat Balance at Ground Surface K-epsilon Two Equation Model オアシス効果オ-プンスペ-スリモ-トセンシング気温分布熱環境ランドサットT

项目摘要

Comprehensive surveys on the effects of water and green in the formation of urban thermal environment in summer were carried out and their main results are as follows: (1) Long-term observation of wind direction, wind speed and air temperature was carried out to evaluate the cooling effect of sea breeze. The sift from land breeze to sea breeze causes lowering of air temperature or mitigation of air temperature rising. Its average effect on the lowering of air temperature is 3ﾟC but is different according to the distance from the sea. (2) Multi-point measurements were carried out to compare the thermal environment on a river and streets. The measurements show the river is a passing way of wind and its surface temperature is lower than that on streets by 30ﾟC in maximum. Therefore, the air temperature on the river in sea breeze time is lower than that on the streets by 4ﾟC in maximum. The effect, however, is different according to the distance from the sea. (3) Temperature distributions … More around a large pond were measured when the water was full and when it was drained. Low temperature area is formed on the pond and its vicinity. The pond lowers the air temperature in its outer 200-400m area about 0.5ﾟC. The cooling effect of the pond appears more widely in its leeward area than in windward area (4) Thermal environments in and out of green in parks were measured. The air temperature on green in a park is lower than that on its surrounding streets by 3.5ﾟC in maximum. The area where the view factor of vegetation and that of foliage are large has a tendency that there air temperature becomes low. (5) Numerical simulations of urban wind showed the possibility of predicting urban thermal environment. The simulations were two dimension using Large Eddy Simulation and k-epsilon two equation model. Their boundary condition was the temperature distribution at ground surface and the wind profile calculated by roughness parameters. (6) The temperature distribution predicted by numerical simulations for urban atmospheric boundary layer accorded with measured values. The simulation used single dimensional heat balance equation at ground surface and considered the configuration and distribution of buildings. This simulation method was used for quantitative prediction of urban thermal environment through parameter sensitivity analysis; the changed parameters are the height of buildings, anthropogenic heat, surface covering ratio of water and green. Less

对水和绿化在夏季城市热环境形成中的作用进行了综合调查，主要结果如下：(1)对海风的降温作用进行了长期的风向、风速和气温观测。陆风向海风的转变导致气温下降或气温上升的减缓。其对空气温度的平均降低作用为3‰，但因离海距离的不同而有所差异。(2)对河流和街道的热环境进行了多点测量对比。测量结果表明，河流是风的通道，其表面温度比街道温度低30ºC。因此，在海风时间内，河流上的空气温度比街道上的温度低4ºC。然而，根据离海的距离不同，效果也不同。在一个大池塘周围，更多的温度分布是在水满和排干时测量的。低温区在池塘及其附近形成。该池塘可使其外围200-400m区域的空气温度降低约0.5ºC。池塘的降温效果在背风区比迎风区表现得更广泛。(4)对公园绿地内外热环境进行了测量。公园绿地的温度比周围街道的温度低3.5ºC。植被和树叶的视因子较大的地区有气温变低的趋势。(5)城市风的数值模拟显示了预测城市热环境的可能性。采用大涡模拟和k-epsilon双方程模型进行二维模拟。它们的边界条件是地面温度分布和由粗糙度参数计算得到的风廓线。(6)数值模拟预测的城市大气边界层温度分布与实测值基本一致。模拟采用地表一维热平衡方程，考虑建筑物的形态和分布。通过参数敏感性分析，将该模拟方法用于城市热环境的定量预测；变化的参数是建筑高度、人为热量、水和绿化的表面覆盖率。少