The Effects of Viewpoint Operations upon the Observational Learning of Pro-Social Behavior.

本研究旨在探讨视点操作对亲社会行为观察学习的影响。根据这一目的，我们进行了以下两个实验。实验1研究共情观、利他行为观和认知观对利他行为观察学习的影响。方法(1)研究对象：155名小学四年级儿童。(2)过程：观察学习分为五种情况。条件为共情观、利他行为观、认知观、非视点控制观和非观察控制观。观察学习结束后，被试被要求回答关于利他行为、共情等方面的问卷。结果影响观察学习效果的因素有自我效能感、责任认知、行为技能、人际关系技能、共情能力和惩罚预期。在实验2中，我们考察了观点操作的影响以及自我效能感和结果期望的影响。方法(1)研究对象：151名小学四年级儿童。(2)过程：观察学习分为四种情况。条件为痛苦观、结果期待观、利他行为观和非观察控制观。观察学习结束后，被试被要求回答关于利他行为、共情、奖惩期望、自我效能等方面的问卷。结果利他行为条件观点和结果期望条件观点具有显著的学习效应。自我效能感、惩罚期望和奖励期望与利他行为相关。

The aim of this study is to examine the effects of viewpoint operation upon observational learning of pro-social behavior. According to the aim, we carried out following two experiments.Experiment 1The aim of experiment 1 is to examine the effects of viewpoints of empathy, altruistic behavior, and cognition on observational learning of altruistic behavior.1. Method(1) Subjects : 155 fourth-grade school children.(2) Procedure : Observational learning was carried out on five conditions. Conditions were viewpoint of empathy, viewpoint of altruistic behavior, viewpoint of cognition, non-viewpoint control and non-observation control. After the observational learning, subjects required to answer the questionnaire with regard to altruistic behavior, empathy, and so on.2. ResultsThe factors which related to the effects of observational learning were self-efficacy, cognition of responsibility, skill of behavior, skill of inter-personal relations, empathy and expectation of punishment.Experiment 2In experiment 2 , we examined the effects of viewpoint operations and the effects of self-efficacy and outcome expectation.1. Method(1) Subjects : 151 fourth-grade school children.(2) Procedure : Observational learning was carried out on four conditions. Conditions were viewpoint of distress viewpoint of outcome expectation, viewpoint of altruistic behavior and non-observation control. After the observational learning, subjects required to answer the questionnaire with regard to altruistic behavior, empathy, reward and punishment expectation self-efficacy , and so on.2. ResultsViewpoint of altruistic behavior condition and view point of outcome expectation condition showed significant learning effects. And , self-efficacy, punishment expectation and reward expectation were related with the altruistic behavior.