The Effects of Viewpoint Operations upon the Observational Learning of Pro-Social Behavior.

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The aim of this study is to examine the effects of viewpoint operation upon observational learning of pro-social behavior. According to the aim, we carried out following two experiments.Experiment 1The aim of experiment 1 is to examine the effects of viewpoints of empathy, altruistic behavior, and cognition on observational learning of altruistic behavior.1. Method(1) Subjects : 155 fourth-grade school children.(2) Procedure : Observational learning was carried out on five conditions. Conditions were viewpoint of empathy, viewpoint of altruistic behavior, viewpoint of cognition, non-viewpoint control and non-observation control. After the observational learning, subjects required to answer the questionnaire with regard to altruistic behavior, empathy, and so on.2. ResultsThe factors which related to the effects of observational learning were self-efficacy, cognition of responsibility, skill of behavior, skill of inter-personal relations, empathy and expectation of punishment.Experiment 2In experiment 2 , we examined the effects of viewpoint operations and the effects of self-efficacy and outcome expectation.1. Method(1) Subjects : 151 fourth-grade school children.(2) Procedure : Observational learning was carried out on four conditions. Conditions were viewpoint of distress viewpoint of outcome expectation, viewpoint of altruistic behavior and non-observation control. After the observational learning, subjects required to answer the questionnaire with regard to altruistic behavior, empathy, reward and punishment expectation self-efficacy , and so on.2. ResultsViewpoint of altruistic behavior condition and view point of outcome expectation condition showed significant learning effects. And , self-efficacy, punishment expectation and reward expectation were related with the altruistic behavior.