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Studies on the Snow Crystals of Low Temperature Types and Arctic Aerosols

低温型雪晶与北极气溶胶的研究

基本信息

批准号：
01041002
负责人：
KIKUCHI Katsuhiro
金额：
$ 4.8万
依托单位：
Hokkaido University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1989
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1989 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-01041002/
关键词：
Snow Crystals Snow Crystals of Low Temperature Types Arctic Aerosols Soil Particles Sea Salt Particles Combustion Products

项目摘要

For the accomplishment of the Field Research of the Monbusho International Scientific Research Program under the title of "Studies on the Snow Crystals of Low Temperature Types and Arctic Aerosols", we have carried out the field observations at "The Arctic Station", Godhavn (69ﾟ15'N, 53ﾟ34'W) and "The Biological Station", Godthab (64ﾟ10'N, 51ﾟ45'W), Greenland from December 13, 1989 to January 28, 1990.Although the air temperature conditions in the Greenland area was relatively higher than the normal value, the observations carried out at two observation sites were quite successful. Because, a number of snow crystals of low temperature types, "Goheitwin", "Seagull" and "Spearhead" types were observed under the air temperature conditions from 5ﾟC to -22.5ﾟC at Godhavn. Especially, the seagull and spearhead type crystals were observed numerously. Therefore, we are able to compare the characteristics of the crystals observed at Godhavn and that observed at the Arctic Canada and the Northern Norway.On the other hand, a number of graupel particles were observed under the air temperature conditions from 0ﾟC to -15ﾟC at Godthab. Therefore, we are able to compare the climatological characteristics of graupel particles of the Western Greenland in Arctic regions to that of the western coast of Japan Islands in the temperate regions. Especially, it is very interesting in comparing whether the embryo of graupel particles is a snow crystal or a frozen cloud droplet.Concerning to the snow crystals of low temperature types, the formation mechanisms were considered based on a number of microphotographs taken in the polar regions and obtained in laboratory experiments. As a result, it is considered that the formation mechanism of the spearhead type crystals is similar to that of the gohei twin typecrystals which is a combination of cubic structure model and a rotation twin on the basal face.The data obtained in this field observations are analyzing energetically.

为完成蒙布绍国际科学研究计划“低温型雪晶与北极气溶胶研究”的野外考察任务，我们在戈德哈芬“北极站”进行了野外观测（69 <$15 'N，53 <$34' W）和“生物站”，Godthab（北纬64 <$10 '，西经51 <$45'），格陵兰岛，1989年12月13日至1月28日，虽然格陵兰地区的气温状况相对高于正常值，但在两个观测点进行的观测相当成功。因为，在Godhavn的气温从5摄氏度到-22.5摄氏度的条件下，观察到了一些低温类型的雪晶，“Goheitwin”，“海鸥”和“矛头”类型。特别是海鸥型和枪尖型的晶体，更是被大量观察到。因此，我们能够比较在Godhavn观测到的晶体的特征和在加拿大北极地区和挪威北方观测到的晶体的特征。另一方面，在Godthab观测到了许多在0 ° C到-15 ° C的空气温度条件下的粒子。因此，我们可以比较格陵兰岛西部和日本列岛西部的气候特征。特别是，在比较粒子的胚胎是雪晶还是冻结云滴时，这是非常有趣的。对于低温类型的雪晶，本文根据在极地拍摄的大量显微照片和实验室实验结果，探讨了雪晶的形成机制。结果认为，矛头型晶体的形成机制与五平孪晶相似，是立方结构模型与基面旋转孪晶的结合，并对观测数据进行了能量分析。