Biological Studies on the Social Evolution of Ocypodid Crabs in the Indo-West Pacific.

1989-1991年，我们在马来西亚雪兰莪州塞门塔和泰国普吉岛附近的红树林沼泽中对蛇脚科的Uca属和Ilyopax属的交配行为进行了野外研究。在美国，雄性通过简单地挥动爪子向雌性示爱，而用于挥手的时间可以忽略不计。与具有高度专业性和复杂性挥手行为的乳牛雄性相比，我们提出了一种假说，即在乳鸽中展示挥手的引诱行为是包括乳鸽在内的典型的蔚蓝亚属物种的原始形式。罗西和拉克塔，雄鱼采用了在拉克塔岛和罗西岛观察到的两种行为，用挥手吸引雌性。这一结果支持了前面提到的假设。为了进行同工酶分析，我们使用了7种马来西亚Uca。取肌肉、鳃、眼和肝胰腺组织匀浆。抽提物经…离心后更多的和上清液，然后装入淀粉凝胶。共分析了10种酶，由13个基因座编码。用Nei法测定种间遗传距离。分析表明，Celuca是一个距离其他亚属很远的类群(例如：Celuca)。D=0.912)，推测印度-太平洋地区的两种Celuca(U·lacta和Triangularis)来自美国。因此，可能有必要将Deltuca(类似于RoSea)与起源于印度-太平洋的具有高级波状显示的Amphiuca亚属进行比较。在野外观察中，描述了与求偶有关的Ilyopax 3种(东方属、Delsmani、Gangetca)的波状显示形式和颜色变化。这些物种的雄性求偶活动存在半月周期。在雄虫个体中，出现了挥动与不挥动之间的位相变化。这些热带物种可能与今天生活的伊利诺克斯的祖先形式最相似。较少

We conducted field studies of behavior of genera Uca and Ilyoplax, family Ocypodidae during 1989-91 in mangrove swamps near Sementa, Selangor, Malaysia and Phuket Island, Thailand.The mating behavior is highly varied among species in Uca. In U. rosea males court females with simple claw-waving and the amount of time devoted to waving is negligibly short. In comparison with U. lactea males with highly specialized and complex waving, we proposed a hypothesis that attracting behavior with waving display in U. rosea is original form of that typical of subgenus Celuca species including U. Jactea.In U. tetragonon which shows wave characteristics intermediate between U. . rosea and lactea, the male adopted both behaviors observed in U. rosea and lactea for attracting females with waving. This result supports the hypothesis noted before.For the isozyme analysis, 7 species of malaysian Uca were used. Tissue of muscle, gills, eyes, and hepatopancreas were homogenized. Extracts were centrifuged a … More nd the supernatant then loaded in starch gels. A total of 10 enzymes, encoded by 13 loci, were analyzed. The genetic distance between species was determined by the method of Nei. The analysis show that Celuca is a highly distant group from the other subgenera (eg. D=0.912 between Celuca and Deltuca), and presumably that two Indo-Pacific species of Celuca (U. lactea and triangularis) are derived from American stock. Therefore it may be necessary to compare Deltuca (like rosea) with subgenus Amphiuca originated in the Indo-Pacific and with advanced waving display.In field observation of 3 species of Ilyoplax (orientalis, delsmani, gangetca), form of waving display and change in coloration associated with courting was described. Semilunar cycle in male courting activity was found in these species. Occurrence of phase alternation between waving and non-waving was conformed in male individual of I. roientalisl. These tropical species may be most similar to ancestral form of the Ilyoplax living today. Less