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Irrigation and drainage development of deserts in China

中国荒漠灌溉排水发展

基本信息

批准号：
01041062
负责人：
YANO Tomohisa
金额：
$ 9.47万
依托单位：
Tottori University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1989
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1989 至 1991
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-01041062/
关键词：
Arid land Irrigation Water Resource Sewage water treatment Salt accumulation Leaching Drought tolerance of trees 灌漑水収支

项目摘要

This research is composed of the following three subjects of study.1. Water resources utilization for development of sandy deserts :In the experimental field at the Shapotou Desert Experiment and Research Station, evapotranspiration from soybeans was estimated by the water balance method using the drainage type lysimeters under the condition of drip irrigation system. The water holding in the soil, soybean yield and evapotranspiration in a sandy field increased by covering the soil surface with silt contained in the Yellow river. Application of the small amount of water at frequent intervals decreased the deep percolation losses in a sandy field. Feasibility of agricultural utilization of treated wastewater from a rural settlement was proved by the experiments of soybean and corn culture during four years.2. Soil management for cultivation of sandy deserts :The chemical properties of soil at Pingluo upland field were analyzed. In the case of high groundwater level, the salt accumulation of the field was recognized with lower harvesting of wheat. Application of the, large amount of surface irrigation water after the harvesting season decreased the value, of electric conductivity in the soil.3. Drought tolerance and radial growth of woody species in Shapotou.Differences of drought tolerance among nine woody plants were investigated using the p-v curve method. The drought tolerance of Ammopitanthus mongolicus, Caragana intermedia, and Salix gordejevii was remarkable in all of the species. Anatomical studies on radial growth of five woody species maintained by periodic irrigation were also investigated. The periodic cycle of radial growth was observed in Elaeagnus. angustifolia : and Thuja orientalis, whereas Populus alba showed constant growth. In Pinus sylvestris and Salix matsudana the stagnation of growth occurred once in growing season.

本研究由以下三个研究课题组成。沙质荒漠开发中的水资源利用：在沙坡头沙漠试验研究站试验田，利用排水式蒸渗仪，在滴灌条件下，用水量平衡法估算了大豆的蒸散量。用黄河泥沙覆盖土壤表面，提高了沙地的持水量、大豆产量和蒸散量。砂田间歇少量补水，减少了深层渗漏损失。通过四年的大豆、玉米种植试验，验证了某农村居民点污水处理农业利用的可行性。沙地耕作土壤管理：对平洛旱地土壤化学性质进行了分析。在地下水位较高的情况下，随着小麦收获量的降低，田地的盐分积累得到了认可。收获季后大量应用地表水，降低了土壤电导率。沙坡头木本植物的耐旱性和径向生长。用p-v曲线法研究了9种木本植物的耐旱性差异。沙冬青、中间锦鸡儿和柳树的耐旱性在所有物种中都是显著的。对5种木本植物在定期灌溉条件下的径向生长进行了解剖学研究。翅果油树具有径向生长的周期性周期。狭叶胡杨和侧柏，而白杨表现出持续的生长。樟子松和旱柳的生长停滞现象在生长季发生过一次。