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Researches on the agricultural resuscitation of desertified arid lands

荒漠化旱地农业复苏研究

基本信息

批准号：
02404017
负责人：
YANO Tomohisa
金额：
$ 20.74万
依托单位：
Tottori University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1990
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1990 至 1993
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The purose of this research project is to resuscitate the agrculture in the desertified arid lands by recovering the agricultural productivities. Summaries of the researches are as follows.Effects of various mulches such as impermeable films, and permeable reproduced paper, magnesium carbonate powder, straw and etc. on waer retentivity and controlling soil temperature were carified to apply them into arid lands under varius climate conditions.A method to withdraw irrigated water by circulating greenhouse air thrugh the underground pies and condense the vapor at the pipe wall was examined and discussed.New methods 1)to estimate the transpiration change and 2)to analyze salt accumulation numerically influenced by saline water irrigation were made and confirmed the accuracy by the experiments with the root boxes.Amodel to analyze the water and salt movement simultaneously, which was based on the experimental results conducted in the artificial weather chamber, was made, and the existence and importance of waterlogging problem in the high latitudinal arid lands were found by the field investigation.An accurate system to measure the water and salt movement simultaneously withut disturbing soils using four electrode probes sensor was established.Varietal difference of drought resistance among millet and corn, varietal and interspecific differences of drought resistance and salinity tolerance among five species of pulse crops and four secies of soybean crops, interspecific differences of salinity toerance among eleven species of ulse and gramineous crops, and interspecific difference of drought resistance and salinity tolerance amng eight varieties of gramineous cros were clarified.Thirty ercents increase in the yield of spinach by irrigating diluted sea water (salinity concentration of 1,000ppm) was shown, and the practicality of no peel seed of spinachin the salinity condition because of its salinity tolerance was indicated.

本课题的研究目的是通过恢复农业生产力来恢复干旱荒漠化地区的农业生产。研究结果如下：防渗膜、透气再生纸、碳酸镁粉、在不同气候条件下，将秸秆等作物的保水和控温作用应用于旱地，研究了温室空气通过地下室循环，蒸汽在管壁冷凝的方法，提出了一种新的方法，即1）估算蒸腾变化和2）数值分析咸水灌溉对盐分积累的影响，并通过根箱试验验证了方法的准确性，在人工气候室试验的基础上，建立了一个水盐同步分析模型，通过实地调查，发现了高纬度干旱区土壤水分和盐分动态变化的严重性和存在的问题，建立了一套不干扰土壤水分和盐分动态变化的四电极传感器系统，研究了谷子和玉米抗旱性的品种差异，5种豆类作物和4种大豆作物抗旱耐盐性的品种和种间差异，11种禾本科和禾本科作物耐盐性的种间差异，阐明了8个禾本科作物品种间抗旱性和耐盐性的种间差异，稀海水灌溉菠菜可增产30%（盐浓度1, 000 ppm），并指出菠菜由于耐盐性，在盐条件下不脱皮种子的实用性。