Study on the oxide superconductors and related materials using mineralogical and crystallographical techniques

对于涉及相变、孪晶、非化学计量、调制结构等复杂行为的多组分多相材料的研究，矿物学领域的研究人员在结构分析和化学成分分析方面具有专门的知识和独特的实验技术。Ibis的合作研究项目是将他们的特定技术和知识应用于氧化物超级电容器的研究。共有来自不同研究所的21名研究人员成为该项目的成员，他们合作研究了y系列和Bi系列超导体。在过去的三年里，他们每年在日本中部筑波地区举行一次为期两天的科学会议，并在会议期间邀请了来自不同科学领域的几位超导研究人员。这次会议对收集超导体研究的最新信息和讨论未来的合作研究非常有用。该项目非常成功地鼓励了害羞的矿物学家和晶体学家参与超导体的研究。合作学习也进行得很顺利。例如，Komatsu在高温显微镜下合成了bi系列晶体，并使用VTR记录了其生长过程。然后，他请堀内用堀内研制的微束x射线衍射仪鉴定他的晶体的种类，并请Sueno对他的晶体进行包括氧在内的定量分析。把这些实验的结果放在一起，小松报告了一个可靠的，双系列的相图。另一个有趣的合作研究是在这个项目中进行的，并获得了几个重要的结果，如高压条件下的合成，以及用于研究超导体中氧扩散速率的新型离子枪的开发。

Researchers in the mineralogical fields have specific knowledge and unique experimental techniques on the structure analysis and chemical composition analysis for the study of the multi-components^*multi -phase materials which involves complicated behaviors, such as phase transition, twinning, non-stoichiometry, modulated structure, etc. Ibis cooperative research project is to apply their specific techniques and knowledge on the study of the oxide super-cqnduttors. Total of 21 researchers from different Institutes becomes the member of this project, and they cooperatively studied the Y-series and Bi series superconductors. Last three years, they had two-days scheduled scientific meeting once a year at Tsukuba area, central Japan, and invited several superconductor researchers from different scientific fields during this meeting. This meeting was quite useful for collecting the latest informations on the research of superconductors, and discussing about the future cooperative researches among the members. The project was quite successful for encouraging bashful mineralogist and crystallographer for participating in the superconductor study. Cooperative studies also went nicely. As example, Komatsu has synthesized Bi-series crystals under a high-temperature microscope and recorded their growth process using VTR. Then, he asked Horiuchi to identify the species of his crystals using a micro-beam X-ray diffractometer developed by Horiuchi, and he also asked Sueno to carry out the quantitative analysis including oxygen about his crystals. Putting the results of these experiments together, Komatsu has reported a reliable, phase diagram of Bi-series. The other interesting cooperative study were carried out in this project and obtained several important results, such as, synthesis under high-pressure conditions, and development, of a new ion-gun for SIMS for studying the diffusion rate of oxygen in superconductors.