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An Experimental Study on Core Characteristics of Skills in Changing Technological Society

变革技术社会中技能核心特征的实验研究

基本信息

批准号：
01510063
负责人：
MIURA Toshiaki
金额：
$ 1.15万
依托单位：
Osaka University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1989
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1989 至 1990
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-01510063/
关键词：
Skill Visual Skill Automatization Eye Movement Inspection Task Visual Scanning Search Useful Field of View Motion Detection

项目摘要

The present research attempted to clarify the core characteristics of skills in recent assembly lines of beer production company. Based on our preliminary investigation of recent status of atomization of assembly works, final inspection tasks of a beer production company was focused on. The final inspection task is one of the most remarkable tasks that are difficult to be automatized even in Japan. The inspection workers have to detect several kinds of very invisible spots and residues in beer bottles conveyed around 280 bottles per minute. This characteristics is a course of fatigue and inhibition of automatization.Eye movements of an skilled inspection worker were recorded by NACIV on a real assembly line and alyzed. The results showed that mean fixation duration is around 175msec. This value is about a half of fixation duration of normal visual tasks and seems marginal one. This extremely high speed visual inspection / search is supported by the following two factors. The first one is that skilled inspectors have larger useful field of view. The second one is that motion of invisible spots (targets) play a facilitatory role for detection. This is based on statements of skilled inspectors. This is one more important finding. So, the extremely high speed inspection with marginally short fixation duration is performed through larger useful field of view and an ability to use the facilitatory motion of targets.These findings give some cues to clarify visual skill of information processing in basic research, and on the other hand, give some cues to solve a problem of fatigue in inspection tasks in applied research.

本研究试图厘清啤酒生产企业近期装配线的核心技能特征。通过对某啤酒生产企业装配车间雾化现状的初步调查，重点介绍了某啤酒生产企业的终检任务。最后的检验任务是最引人注目的任务之一，即使在日本也很难实现自动化。检查人员必须在每分钟运送280瓶左右的啤酒瓶中检测出几种非常看不见的斑点和残留物。这一特点是自动化的疲劳和抑制过程。NACIV在一条真实的装配线上记录了熟练检验工人的眼球运动并进行了分析。结果表明，平均注视时间约为175msec。这个值大约是正常视觉任务注视时间的一半，似乎是边缘值。这种极高速的目视检查/搜索得到以下两个因素的支持。第一个是熟练的检查员有更大的有用视野。二是不可见点（目标）的运动对检测有促进作用。这是基于熟练检查员的陈述。这是一个更重要的发现。因此，通过更大的有效视场和利用目标的促进运动的能力来实现极快的检测和稍短的注视时间。这些发现对澄清基础研究中信息加工的视觉技能有一定的启示，对解决应用研究中检验任务的疲劳问题也有一定的启示。