CHARACTERISTICS OF ATTENTION IN DEPTH

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In the present study, shift of visual attention in depth (different distance) was examined in observer moving condition. No previous research like this was performed in spite of the importance.The results clearly showed that reaction time of nearer targets are shorter than that of farther targets in all conditions. This supports viewer centered representation of three dimensional space. Concerning direction of shift (switching) of attention, reaction time of shift of attention from far location to near location is shorter than the reverse. This is called "rubber band metaphor of attention" (asymmetrical viewer centered mode of attentional shift). The difference is largest in high speed moving condition, and almost no difference is found in stationary condition These results are reasonable for drivers' safety and ecologically valid. Further underlying mechanism and applicable suggestions are discussed from a viewpoint of safety. One of the suggestions is that visual displays such as visual navigation display in vehicles are not suitable for drivers from a viewpoint of safety. This is because poorer performance was found in switching of attention from near location to far location.Succeeding the above research results, the effect of in car navigation system on attention to forward visual information was examined by a stationary simulator using three dimensional slides. The task of subjects was to detect dangerous changes in traffic situations before, while and after observing navigation system. The reaction time was measured. It was found that the deterioration rate was at least 0.71, and also that the deterioration begins at least one second before observing a navigation and the deterioration effect persist two seconds after the observation.