CHARACTERISTICS OF ATTENTION IN DEPTH

本研究考察了观察者运动条件下视觉注意在深度（不同距离）上的转移。尽管这很重要，但之前没有进行过这样的研究。结果清楚地表明，在所有条件下，较近目标的反应时间都短于较远目标的反应时间。这支持以查看者为中心的三维空间表示。在注意转移（切换）方向上，注意从远位置转移到近位置的反应时间比相反的反应时间短。这被称为“注意力的橡皮筋隐喻”（不对称的以观众为中心的注意力转移模式）。在高速行驶状态下差异最大，在静止状态下几乎没有差异，这对驾驶员的安全是合理的，也是生态有效的。从安全的角度进一步讨论了其潜在机制和适用建议。其中一个建议是，从安全的角度来看，车辆上的视觉导航显示等视觉显示不适合驾驶员。这是因为在将注意力从近的位置转移到远的位置时，表现较差。在上述研究成果的基础上，利用三维滑梯静止模拟器研究了车载导航系统对前向视觉信息注意力的影响。受试者的任务是在观察导航系统之前、期间和之后检测交通状况的危险变化。测定反应时间。研究发现，退化率至少为0.71，而且退化至少在观察导航前一秒开始，并且在观察后两秒持续恶化效果。

In the present study, shift of visual attention in depth (different distance) was examined in observer moving condition. No previous research like this was performed in spite of the importance.The results clearly showed that reaction time of nearer targets are shorter than that of farther targets in all conditions. This supports viewer centered representation of three dimensional space. Concerning direction of shift (switching) of attention, reaction time of shift of attention from far location to near location is shorter than the reverse. This is called "rubber band metaphor of attention" (asymmetrical viewer centered mode of attentional shift). The difference is largest in high speed moving condition, and almost no difference is found in stationary condition These results are reasonable for drivers' safety and ecologically valid. Further underlying mechanism and applicable suggestions are discussed from a viewpoint of safety. One of the suggestions is that visual displays such as visual navigation display in vehicles are not suitable for drivers from a viewpoint of safety. This is because poorer performance was found in switching of attention from near location to far location.Succeeding the above research results, the effect of in car navigation system on attention to forward visual information was examined by a stationary simulator using three dimensional slides. The task of subjects was to detect dangerous changes in traffic situations before, while and after observing navigation system. The reaction time was measured. It was found that the deterioration rate was at least 0.71, and also that the deterioration begins at least one second before observing a navigation and the deterioration effect persist two seconds after the observation.