Studies on the Maneuverability Standards of Ships

国际海事组织目前正在对船舶操纵性标准进行讨论。当然，操纵性标准是从操纵安全的角度来规定船舶操纵性的最低要求。在本研究项目中，与国际海事组织、日本运输省和日本驾驶员协会等社会团体密切合作，进行了综合研究，对广岛大学的船舶操纵模拟器进行了改进，并从舵手和驾驶员的角度进行了操纵性允许极限的评估。指出确定手动航向保持允许极限的措施是由舵手补偿相位提前量，以保持手动控制系统的稳定性。极限估计为相位提前约30度。在转向的情况下， 关于我们 f不稳定回路被认为是一个很好的措施，在这种控制的困难。可以指出的是，相位提前也是一个很好的措施，在飞行员的机动困难和允许的限制估计相位提前5度。舵手和引航员的允许水平之间的差异取决于控制的目的，因为引航员必须控制船舶的航向和位置。最后得出结论，上述所有允许极限都取决于船舶的方向稳定性，此外，从减少海上伤亡的角度来看，最大舵转向、全倒停和普通舵初始转向的能力也很重要。为了估计这些能力的允许极限，开发了操纵性能数据库，并估计了可能的水平。上述结果已报告给IMO海上安全委员会，并作为基础材料贡献于国际讨论。少

The discussion on the maneuverability standards is now carried out at the International Maritime Organization. It is of course that the maneuverability standards define the minimun requirement in ships' maneuverability to be requested from the viewpoints of maneuvering safety. In the present research project, a comprehensive study has been carried out with close cooperation to the activities of IMO, the Ministry of Transport of Japan and social associations such as the Japan Pilots Association.The ship maneuvering simulator of Hiroshima university has been improved and simulator studies are carried out to assess the allowable limit in maneuverability from the viewpoints of helmsman and pilot. It is pointed out that the measure to define the allowable limit in manual course-keeping is the phase advance to be compensated by helmsman for keeping the stability of the manual control system. The limit is estimated the phase advance of about 30 degrees. In case of course-changing, the width o … More f the instability loop is considered to be a good measure for difficulty in this control. It can be pointed out that the phase advance is also a good measure for difficulty in pilot maneuvers and the allowable limit is estimated the phase advance of 5 degrees. The difference between the allowable levels for helmsman and pilot depends on the purposes of the controls, for a pilot has to control both heading and position of a ship. It is finally concluded that all allowable limits mentioned above depend on the directional stability of ships.Besides, the abilities in turning by maximum helm, stopping by full astern and in initial turning by ordinary helm are important from the viewpoints of decreasing marine casualties. To estimate the allowable limits in these abilities, the maneuvering performance database has been developed and the possible levels are estimated.The above results have been reported to the Maritime Safety Committee of the IMO and those contribute to the international discussions as the basic materials. Less