Studies on the Maneuverability Standards of Ships

关于可操作性标准的讨论目前正在国际海事组织进行。当然，从操纵安全的角度出发，操纵性标准规定了船舶对操纵性的最低要求。在本研究项目中，与海事组织、日本交通部和日本飞行员协会等社会协会的活动密切合作，进行了一项全面研究。对广岛大学舰船操纵模拟器进行了改进，并从舵手和引航员的角度进行了舰船操纵允许极限的仿真研究。指出确定手动航向保持允许极限的措施是舵手为保持手动控制系统的稳定性而补偿的相位超前。估计相位前进的极限约为30度。在变航向的情况下，不稳定回路的宽度被认为是衡量这种控制难度的一个很好的指标。指出相位超前也是衡量飞行员操纵难度的一个很好的指标，并估计了相位超前5度的允许极限。舵手和引航员所允许的水平之间的差异取决于控制的目的，因为引航员必须同时控制船舶的航向和位置。最后得出结论，上述所有允许限值都取决于船舶的方向稳定性。此外，最大舵转向能力、全倒车能力和普通舵初始转向能力对减少海上人员伤亡具有重要意义。为了估计这些能力的允许极限，开发了机动性能数据库，并估计了可能的水平。上述研究结果已作为基础资料向国际海事组织海上安全委员会报告，并为国际讨论提供参考。少

The discussion on the maneuverability standards is now carried out at the International Maritime Organization. It is of course that the maneuverability standards define the minimun requirement in ships' maneuverability to be requested from the viewpoints of maneuvering safety. In the present research project, a comprehensive study has been carried out with close cooperation to the activities of IMO, the Ministry of Transport of Japan and social associations such as the Japan Pilots Association.The ship maneuvering simulator of Hiroshima university has been improved and simulator studies are carried out to assess the allowable limit in maneuverability from the viewpoints of helmsman and pilot. It is pointed out that the measure to define the allowable limit in manual course-keeping is the phase advance to be compensated by helmsman for keeping the stability of the manual control system. The limit is estimated the phase advance of about 30 degrees. In case of course-changing, the width o … More f the instability loop is considered to be a good measure for difficulty in this control. It can be pointed out that the phase advance is also a good measure for difficulty in pilot maneuvers and the allowable limit is estimated the phase advance of 5 degrees. The difference between the allowable levels for helmsman and pilot depends on the purposes of the controls, for a pilot has to control both heading and position of a ship. It is finally concluded that all allowable limits mentioned above depend on the directional stability of ships.Besides, the abilities in turning by maximum helm, stopping by full astern and in initial turning by ordinary helm are important from the viewpoints of decreasing marine casualties. To estimate the allowable limits in these abilities, the maneuvering performance database has been developed and the possible levels are estimated.The above results have been reported to the Maritime Safety Committee of the IMO and those contribute to the international discussions as the basic materials. Less