Studies on the Maneuverability Standards of Ships

有关操纵性标准的讨论现正在国际海事组织进行。当然，操纵性标准是从操纵安全的角度对船舶操纵性提出的最低要求。在本研究项目中，在国际海事组织、日本交通省和日本飞行员协会等社会团体的密切合作下，开展了一项全面的研究，对广岛大学的船舶操纵模拟器进行了改进，并进行了模拟器研究，从舵手和引航员的角度评估允许的操纵极限。指出确定手动航向允许极限的措施是舵手为保持手动控制系统的稳定性而需要补偿的相位提前。据估计，这一极限是相移约30度。在改变航线的情况下，…的宽度此外，不稳定回路被认为是这种控制难度的一个很好的衡量标准。可以指出，相位提前也是衡量飞行员机动难度的一种很好的措施，并估计了允许的极限为相位提前5度。舵手和引航员的允许水平之间的差异取决于控制的目的，因为引航员必须同时控制船舶的航向和位置。从减少海上人员伤亡的角度看，船舶的最大舵转弯能力、全速后退转弯能力和普通舵初转弯能力是重要的。为了估计这些能力的允许极限，已经建立了机动性能数据库，并估计了可能的水平。上述结果已经报告给了国际海事组织的海事安全委员会，并作为基本材料参与了国际讨论。较少

The discussion on the maneuverability standards is now carried out at the International Maritime Organization. It is of course that the maneuverability standards define the minimun requirement in ships' maneuverability to be requested from the viewpoints of maneuvering safety. In the present research project, a comprehensive study has been carried out with close cooperation to the activities of IMO, the Ministry of Transport of Japan and social associations such as the Japan Pilots Association.The ship maneuvering simulator of Hiroshima university has been improved and simulator studies are carried out to assess the allowable limit in maneuverability from the viewpoints of helmsman and pilot. It is pointed out that the measure to define the allowable limit in manual course-keeping is the phase advance to be compensated by helmsman for keeping the stability of the manual control system. The limit is estimated the phase advance of about 30 degrees. In case of course-changing, the width o … More f the instability loop is considered to be a good measure for difficulty in this control. It can be pointed out that the phase advance is also a good measure for difficulty in pilot maneuvers and the allowable limit is estimated the phase advance of 5 degrees. The difference between the allowable levels for helmsman and pilot depends on the purposes of the controls, for a pilot has to control both heading and position of a ship. It is finally concluded that all allowable limits mentioned above depend on the directional stability of ships.Besides, the abilities in turning by maximum helm, stopping by full astern and in initial turning by ordinary helm are important from the viewpoints of decreasing marine casualties. To estimate the allowable limits in these abilities, the maneuvering performance database has been developed and the possible levels are estimated.The above results have been reported to the Maritime Safety Committee of the IMO and those contribute to the international discussions as the basic materials. Less