The Reorganization of Federal Grants in the Reagan Years and the Backgrounds of It

里根时期联邦拨款的重组及其背景

• 批准号: 63530054
• 负责人: OKAMOTO Hideo
• 金额: $ 0.77万
• 依托单位: Tohoku Gakuin University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1988
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1988 至 1989
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-63530054/
• 关键词: Block grant; Categorical grant; Reconciliation process; 納税者の反乱; 新連邦主義; 地方分権; プロジェクト型補助金; 福祉国家; 連邦補助金; 一般歳入分与; 政府間関係; 新連邦主義構想

Federal grants to states and local governments began to fall off at the end of the Carter period. We attribute this reason to the shift in the country towards towards a more conservative mood. The Reagan Administration accelerated downward trends in federal aid spending in a strong conservative mood and kept this level during his term. Programs targeted for the deepest cut the Reministration were services at the core of Great Society.The Reagan block grant proposals were so bold that prospects for enactment of them seemed very dim. But these expectations were dramatically reversed by the passage of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981. The Reconciliation process allowed the issue to be framed in the president's terms. Key decisions about program structure were removed from the arena of individual committees, dominated by categorical grant sponsors and beneficiaries, and placed before Congress and the country as a whole. The Reconciliation also played an important role for cutting down federal budget, especially f deral grants on a large scale.Reagan Administration succeeded in grant reform by this new budget procedures. But these successes were never repeated during his term. The reason was that Congress had stronger partisan and ideological suspicions of block grant objectives.

在卡特时期结束时，向各州和地方政府授予的联邦赠款开始倒闭。我们将这个原因归因于该国转变向更保守的情绪。里根政府以强烈的保守情绪加速了联邦援助支出的下降趋势，并在任期内保持了这一水平。针对最深刻削减的计划的计划是伟大社会的核心服务。里根大块的赠款提案非常大胆，以至于制定它们的前景似乎很淡淡。但是，通过1981年《综合预算和解法》的通过，这些期望极大地扭转了。和解程序使该问题可以按照总统的条款进行构成。关于计划结构的关键决定是从单个委员会的舞台上取消的，该委员会由分类的赠款赞助商和受益人主导，并将其放在国会和整个国家。和解在削减联邦预算，尤其是大规模的筹款方面也发挥了重要作用。Reagan政府通过这项新的预算程序成功进行了赠款改革。但是这些成功在任期内从未重复过。原因是国会对集体赠款目标有更强的党派和意识形态的怀疑。

项目成果

Hideo Okamoto: "The Reorganization of Federal Grants in the Reagan Years" The Tohoku Gakuin University Review, Economics. No. 116. 19-59 (1991)

冈本秀夫：“里根时代联邦拨款的重组”东北学院大学评论，经济学。

岡本英男: "ロ-ウィの多元主義批判について" 東北学院大学論集経済学. 113. 107-149 (1990)

冈本秀夫：“论洛伊对多元主义的批判”东北学院大学经济学杂志 113. 107-149 (1990)

岡本 英男: "レ-ガン政権下における連邦補助金制度の改革" 東北学院大学論集・経済学. 116号. 19-59 (1991)

冈本秀夫：“里根政府下的联邦补贴制度的改革”东北学院大学经济学杂志第116期19-59（1991年）。