Research on biosynthesis of UV absorbing substances in epidermis of plant leaves and their function to protect the plants from injury by UV radiation.

植物叶片表皮紫外线吸收物质的生物合成及其保护植物免受紫外线伤害的功能研究。

• 批准号: 63540543
• 负责人: KONDO Noriaki
• 金额: $ 1.41万
• 依托单位: The National Institute for Environmental Studies
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1988
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1988 至 1989
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-63540543/
• 关键词: Pea; Cucumber; Chlorosis; Glutathione reductase; UV absorbing substances; Growth retardation; UV-A; UVーB; 紫外線感受性; ス-パ-オキシドジスムタ-ゼ; Argenteum; クロロフィルa__-蛍光; 紫外線防御; ソラマメ; フラボノイド; UV-C

Radiation of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) region (280-320nm) causes growth retardation of plants and visible injury such as chlorosis on leaf surface. These damages seem to be under the control of the environmental conditions during plant growth. The extent of damage is thought to depend on the differences of content of ultraviolet (UV) absorbing substances in the epidermis of plant leaves. In the present studies, the content of UV absorbing substances in leaf epidermis of pea mutant and broad bean was compared with resistance of these plants to ultraviolet-C (UV-C). In the next experiments, effects of UV-B radiation on first leaves of cucumber plants and effects of environmental conditions on the sensitivity of plant to UV-B were examined. Effects of UV-B radiation on enzymic properties of glutathione reductase (GR), rate-limiting enzyme in metabolic pathway to detoxify hydrogen peroxide, were also examined. Outline of the results obtained are as follows.(1)Epidermis of pea leaves has flavono … More id-like substances, which have absorbance peaks at 260 and 320 ns and little absorbance in visible region. The content of these substances showed a parallelism with resistance to UV-B radiation.(2)UV-B irradiation caused the growth retardation of cotyledons and first leaves of cucumber seedlings and chlorosis on first leaves at 20ﾟC. But, the growth retardation could not be found on the irradiation at 25ﾟC, though chlorosis was observed.(3)high intensity of ultraviolet-A (UV-A) restored the retardation of growth of first leaves when it was given together with UV-B. But, chlorosis caused by UV-B was not restored by UV-A radiation.(4)UV-B radiation lowered the affinity of GR in cotyledons to substrates. It was clarified in the present work that the sensitivity of cucumber plants to UV-B was dependent on temperature and light condition at the time of UV-B radiation. Mechanism of plant damage caused by UV-B radiation, defense mechanism to UV-B and, in addition, effects of environmental conditions on biosynthesis of UV absorbing substances must be more investigated. Less

紫外线b （UV-B）区域（280 ~ 320nm）的辐射导致植物生长迟缓，叶片表面出现明显的黄化等损伤。这些损害似乎是受植物生长过程中的环境条件控制的。损伤程度被认为与植物叶片表皮吸收紫外线物质含量的差异有关。本研究比较了豌豆突变体和蚕豆叶片表皮吸收紫外线物质的含量及其对紫外线- c （UV- c）的抗性。在接下来的实验中，研究了UV-B辐射对黄瓜初叶的影响以及环境条件对植物对UV-B敏感性的影响。研究了UV-B辐射对过氧化氢解毒代谢途径中限速酶谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）酶学性质的影响。所得结果概要如下。(1)豌豆叶片表皮含有黄酮类物质，在260和320 ns处有吸光度峰，可见区吸光度很小。这些物质的含量与抗UV-B辐射呈平行关系。(2)UV-B辐照在20个温度下引起黄瓜幼苗子叶和初叶生长迟缓，初叶褪绿。但在25‰的温度下，虽然出现了黄化现象，但没有发现生长迟缓。(3)高强度紫外线a （UV-A）与UV-B同时给药可恢复初叶生长迟缓。但UV-A辐射不能恢复UV-B引起的黄化。(4)UV-B辐射降低了子叶GR对底物的亲和力。本研究阐明了黄瓜对UV-B的敏感性取决于UV-B辐射时的温度和光照条件。UV- b辐射对植物危害的机理、对UV- b的防御机制以及环境条件对UV吸收物质生物合成的影响等方面的研究有待进一步深入。少

项目成果

Noriaki Kondo and Kazuhiko Kawaguchi: "Effects of ultraviolet-A radiation on plant damage caused by ultraviolet-B radiation." Plant Cell Physiol.

Noriaki Kondo 和 Kazuhiko Kawaguchi：“紫外线 A 辐射对紫外线 B 辐射造成的植物损害的影响。”

Noriaki Kondo,Kazuhiko Kawaguchi: "Effects of ultraviolet-Aradiation on plant damage caused by ultraviolet-B radiation" Plant Cell Physiol.(1990)

Noriaki Kondo、Kazuhiko Kawaguchi：“紫外线辐射对紫外线 B 辐射引起的植物损伤的影响”《植物细胞生理学》（1990 年）

Ken-ichiro Shimazaki: Physiologia Plantarum. 74. 34-38 (1988)

岛崎健一郎：植物生理学。