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The Effects of Synthetic Pyresroids on Spider Mite Resurgences

合成吡咯烷酮对红蜘蛛死灰复燃的影响

基本信息

批准号：
63560043
负责人：
TAKAFUJI Akio
金额：
$ 1.6万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1988
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1988 至 1990
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Mechanisms underlying spider mite population resurgences were tested in eggplant fields which were sprayed periodically with each of three Synthetic Pyrethroids (SP). The study showed that regardless of the miticidal effects of the SP's, peak densities of the spider mite, Tetranychus Kanzawai, in the SP Plots were more than 10 times higher than those in plots treated with other pesticide (s) and those in fields that were not sprayed. The mite populations in the SP plots exihibited 2 to 4 distinct peaks throughout the study period.The dominant predators in this field were the phytoseiid mite, Amblyseius longispinosus and the anthcorid bug, Orius sp. In the SP plots, the densities of these predators remained much lower and increaesd much less in response to increases in mite density. If the phytoseiid mites were artificially removed from the SP plots leaving only anthcorid predators, the spider mite populations still reached peak densities which were almost as high as those when the phytoseiids were present. These clearly indicated that the mite outbreaks occurred because of the adiverse effects of the SP sprays on the anthcorid predators.The SP sprays enhanced spider mite dispersal from host plants as a result of their repellent action on the mites. However, this did not change significantly the spatial distribution patterns of the mite populations and never resulted in an increase in the mite populations. This rendered the hypothesis that pyrethroids-induced dispersal will be the important factor responsible for mite population resurgences.

在茄子田定期喷洒三种拟除虫菊酯（SP），对叶螨种群复活的机制进行了测试。研究表明，无论SP的杀螨效果如何，SP小区中的叶螨，神泽叶螨的峰值密度比用其他农药处理的小区和未喷洒的田间高10倍以上。在整个研究期间，SP样地的螨类种群呈现2 ~ 4个明显的高峰，主要捕食者是植绥螨长刺钝绥螨和花蝽，在SP样地中，这些捕食者的密度保持较低的水平，并且对螨密度的增加反应很小。如果植绥螨被人为地从SP图只留下花螨捕食者，叶螨种群仍然达到峰值密度，几乎一样高的植绥螨存在时。这表明，SP对蜘蛛螨的扩散是由于其对天敌的反作用，SP对蜘蛛螨的驱避作用促进了蜘蛛螨在寄主植物上的扩散。然而，这并没有显着改变螨种群的空间分布格局，也没有导致螨种群的增加。因此，拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂引起的扩散是螨类种群再发生的重要因素。