Immunohistological study of the developing peripheral of chicken with use of a whole-mount staining method

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Chick embryos at stage 13 to 35 were immunohistochemically stained in whole-mount using anti-neurofilament antibody, and the peripheral nerves and their branches, even of finest calibre were traced, and their three-dimentional relationships with the developing aortic arches, the heart and lungs were elucidated.In chick embryos at early stage, e. g. 18 the opthalmic nerve revealed more more remarkable configuration than other two --- i. e., the maxillary and mandibular nerves do. The trigeminal ganglion was immunohistochemically stained at the base of the "tri-furcation" of this nerve, in a reticular network of the neurite. An ectopic trigeminal ganglion was also found not far form this ordinary ganglion, but in the epidermous layer and not under the epidermis (see Anat and Embryol). Branches of the developing vagal nerve and their three-dimentional relationships to the developing lungs, the aortic arch and especially, to the developing heart were thoroughly observed. We have demonstrated clearly that the vagal cardiac branches could be classified into a porta-arteriarum-cardiac branches and a porta-venarum-cardiac branches. The former branches revealed their asymmetric dis-position in accompany with the asymmetric disposition of the aortic arches : At stage 23-25, the 4th and 6th arches rotate in a counter-clock-wise direction, rendering the 4th aortic arch is located ventrally, while the 6th aortic arch located dorsally. Concomitantly with this rotation of the aortic arches, the left porta-arteriarum-cardiac branch become located ventrally, while the right porta-arteriarum-cardiac branch located dorsally. (see Anat and Embryol). The latter cardiac branches found to enter the heart in accompany with the pulmonary veins--via porta venarum.