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Studies on the Enhancement of Fiber Utilization by Introducing a Fusant in Domestic Animals

在家畜中引入融合体提高纤维利用率的研究

基本信息

批准号：
63860038
负责人：
OKUMURA Jun-ichi
金额：
$ 9.09万
依托单位：
Nagoya University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Developmental Scientific Research (B).
财政年份：
1988
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1988 至 1990
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

1) The effect of the gut microflora on digestible energy (DE) value and fiber digestion was studied in chicks. When birds were fed the low fiber diet, no difference in growth and DE were observed between germ-free (GF) and conventional (CV) environments. On the high fiber diet, the growth of CV bird was similar to that of GF counterparts at the adequate metabolizable energy (ME) level. Changes in observed dietary ME values of the high fiber diets, being higher in CV than in GF birds, were almost entirely accounted for by crude fiber digestion. 2) Whether inoculated and established bacteria in the digestive tract of GF chickens affect growth performance, energy and nitrogen utilization and fiber digestibility of the host birds fed a high fiber diet was investigated. Gnotobiotic (GB) chicks were made by co-inoculating with Ruminococcus albus (RA) and Staphylococcus warneri (SW). It was concluded that the established bacterium, SW, inoculated into the gut did not give any beneficial effec … More ts to the host birds as judged by growth performance. 3) In order to improve growth and fiber utilization, two bacterial species, RA and SW, were inoculated into the gut of broiler chickens fed a high fiber diet. It was concluded that improved growth of broilers inoculated with two bacteria was brought about by increased food intake. 4) Whether or not a cellulose-degrading enzyme supplement can improve growth performance of the chicken was investigated. It was suggested that the enzyme supplement could promote growth of chickens and improve food efficiency probably through increased fiber digestibility, and thereby supplying extra energy available to the host bird when dietary energy was a limiting factor for the growth. 5) Effects of fiber source on growth performance and utilization of energy in chicks fed an isocaloric low-energy diet were investigated. As dietary fiber sources, cellulose and corn dietary fiber (CDF) were included in a diet at 10, 20 and 30%. It was concluded that as dietary fiber source to supply extra energy, CDF was almost as efficient as cellulose when added to a diet up to 20%. 6) From RA, two novel plasmids, pRAB and pRAC encoding a cellulose dependent factor and a penicillin resistant could be isolated. 7) As stated above, SW was found to be established in the digestive tract of GF chicks but RA was not. So, one plasmid denoted as pSWI was isolated from SW and characterized. Less

1)研究了雏鸡肠道微生物区系对消化能和纤维消化的影响。当鸟类喂食低纤维饮食，无菌（GF）和常规（CV）环境之间的生长和DE没有差异。在高纤维日粮中，在代谢能充足的情况下，CV鸡的生长与GF鸡相似。观察到的膳食ME值的变化，高纤维饮食，CV高于GF鸟，几乎完全占粗纤维消化。2)研究了在高纤维日粮条件下，在生长鸡消化道内接种并定植细菌对生长鸡生长性能、能量和氮利用率以及纤维消化率的影响。用白色瘤胃球菌（RA）和瓦氏葡萄球菌（SW）共培养法制备了无菌（GB）雏鸡。结论是，已建立的细菌SW接种到肠道中没有产生任何有益的效果。 ...更多信息根据生长表现判断，3)为了提高生长和纤维利用率，将两种细菌RA和SW接种到饲喂高纤维日粮的肉鸡肠道中。由此可见，两种细菌对肉仔鸡生长的促进作用是通过增加采食量来实现的。4)研究了纤维素降解酶添加剂是否能提高鸡的生长性能。结果表明，添加酶制剂可能通过提高纤维的消化率，在日粮能量限制鸡生长的情况下，为宿主鸡提供额外的能量，从而促进鸡的生长，提高食物利用率。5)在等能量低能量日粮条件下，研究不同纤维源对雏鸡生长性能和能量利用的影响。作为膳食纤维来源，纤维素和玉米膳食纤维（CDF）被包括在饮食中的10，20和30%。结果表明，在日粮中添加20%的CDF作为膳食纤维补充能量的效果与纤维素相当。6)从RA中分离到两个新的质粒pRAB和pRAC，它们分别编码纤维素依赖因子和青霉素抗性因子。7)如上所述，SW被发现建立在GF鸡的消化道，但RA不是。因此，从SW中分离并表征了一个表示为pSWI的质粒。少