Taxonomical and Ecological Study of the Cancerous Disease Bacteria from Nakaharakuroki (Symplocos lucida var. nakaharae Mak. & Nemoto)

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A new bacterial disease with cancer formation on either trunks, twigs or petioles was found on nakaharakuroki (Symplocos lucida var. nakaharae Mak. & Nemoto) in Okinawa prefecture, Japan. The surface of galls was bump or cancer and from light brown to brown in color. A pathogenic bacterium isolated from these cancers was a gram negative rod with 1-5 polar flagella ; PHB was accumulated ; aerobic and metabolized glucose oxidatively. Maximum, optimum and minimum growth temperatures were 38^ﾟC, 29^ﾟC-35^ﾟC and 15^ﾟC. Growth took place at pH of 4.0 to 7.0. Negative results were obtained in the tests such as indol production, arginine dihydrolase, production of reducing substance from sucrose, zelatin liquefaction, gluconate oxidation, tobacco H. R., tween80 hydrolysis, levan production and growth at 41^ﾟC and 4^ﾟC. Sucrose, melibiose, dextrin, starch, adonitol, D-, L-tartaric acid and L-valine were not utilized as sole source of carbon. lt responded positively to the tests of catalase and Kovacs oxidase reaction, nitrate reduction, H_2S production, denitrification, urease production, tyrosinase test and ammonia production. D-ribose, D-, L-arabinose, L-rhamnose, D-mannose, sodium lactate, L-alpha-alanine, L-arginine and beta-alanine were utilized as sole source of carbon. Inoculation tests for the host range of the nakaharakuroki pathogen were conducted on 178 species of trees and plants belonging to 65 families. Outbreaks of the disease were observed on nakaharakuroki (S. l. var. n.), kuroki (S. l.) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabaccum L.) but not on other trees and plants. From these results the nakaharakuroki pathogen was identified as a new species of Pseudomonads. From the characteristic symptoms mentioned above "Cancerous bacteria disease of nakaharakuroki" was proposed as the new disease name. The name of Pseudomonas symploci n. sp. will be soon deposited in ATCC, NCPPB and ICMP and the strain SLV3 will be designated as the type strain.