Studies on Immunopathological, Epidemiological Analysis and Control of Schistosomiasis Japonica in the Endemic Area Around Dong-Ting Lake.

选取环洞庭湖疫区低流行期(A)、低流行期(B)区和高流行期(C)区3种血吸虫病疫源地进行流行病学分析。两个疫源地(A)和(B)的患病率分别为20.6%和18.9%，但疫源地(C)的患病率约为50%。疫区(A)和(B)从事农业的人群阳性率较高，而疫区(C)的渔民和小学生粪便检查阳性率较高。每个粪便的卵数与症状之间的关系明显显著。该病在牛、猪、狗、猫等家畜中也有较高的流行率。应强调在控制措施下对感染动物进行管理的必要性。我们观察吡喹酮治疗患者血清抗体的变化。数据表明，成功的治疗导致抗体滴度显著降低。采用ELISA和Western-Blotting等高度特异性技术进行的血清抗体检测似乎有助于评估治疗效果和进行血清流行病学分析。我们研究了中国血吸虫病患者血清中IgG独特型，以评估体外抗独特型T细胞反应。感染血清中功能独特型的外观存在异质性，独特型活性与治疗和血吸虫卵抗体滴度无关。这些结果提示，独特型活动可能是显示日本血吸虫病临床差异的独特信息。为了防治病媒蜗牛，对蜗牛的原生寄生虫进行了调查，但未发现致病性寄生虫。对几种农用药物的杀螺效果进行了试验。结果表明，Cartap和Tribromosalan似乎是控制蜗牛的潜在杀螺剂

To analyze the epidemiological situation, three kinds of schistosomiasis foci, the areas in low prevalent phase (A) and (B) and the area in high prevalent phase (C) in the endemic area around the Dong-ting Lake, were selected. Prevalences of the disease were 20.6% and 18.9% in the two foci (A) and (B), respectively, but about 50% in the focus (C). In the foci (A) and (B), the positive rate was high among the people engaged in agriculture, whereas fishermen and pupils in the focus (C) were highly positive on faecal examination. The relation between the number of eggs per faeces and the symptoms was clearly significant. The disease was also found at high prevalence rate in some domestic animals such as cattle, pigs, dogs and cats. The need for managing the infected animals under the control measures should be stressed.We investigated the change of serum antibodies in patients treated with Praziquantel. The data suggested that the successful treatment resulted in remarkable decrease of the antibody titer. The tests for serum antibody by highly specific techniques such as ELISA and Western-Blotting seemed useful for evaluation of the effect of the treatment and for seroepidemiological analysis.We studied IgG idiotypes in sera of schistosomiasis patients in China for evaluating anti-idiotypic T cell response in vitro. There was a heterogeneity in appearance of functional idiotypes in infected sera, and the idiotypic activities were independent of treatment and antibody-titers to schistosome egg. Those results suggest that idiotypic activities might give an unique information showing the clinical difference of schistosomiasis japonica.For the purpose of vector snail control, protozoan parasites of the snail were investigated but the pathogenic ones were not found. Molluscicidal effects of some agricultural drugs were tested on the snials. The results suggest that Cartap and Tribromosalan seem to be potential molluscicides for the control of the snails