Study of Magnetospheric Substorms : Present and Perspective

我们于1990年9月3-7日在日本箱根召开了关于磁层亚暴的查普曼会议。磁层亚暴的研究：现状和前景编撰在美国地球物理联盟1991年出版的《磁层亚暴》一书中。每一章都有意混合了关于类似主题的观测和理论论文，以强调观测-模拟-理论闭合的重要性。同样重要的是亚风暴研究中的全球联系。过去，亚暴研究的重点是分别了解电离层和等离子体片中的亚暴特征。未来的进展很可能取决于对电离层和等离子体片之间的全球联系的更多关注。在这本书中，读者将发现关于亚暴现象的因果关系的截然相反的观点。例如，当今亚风暴研究中的一个关键问题是因果…更多的关系发生在亚暴扩张的开始。在会议期间，通过提请注意以下问题，揭示了围绕这一问题的长期争议：(1)近地X线的形成是唯一与亚暴扩张的直接原因有关的，还是应该被认为是亚暴扩张开始的结果？(2)交叉尾流的中断是亚暴扩张开始的直接原因还是结果？(3)电离层对增强的磁层对流的反应是亚暴扩张开始的直接原因还是结果？解决这些问题的一个重要步骤将是确定亚暴三个关键事件的时间和相对位置：(1)亚暴扩张开始，其定义是最靠近赤道的弧线突然变亮；(2)交叉尾部电流中断，其测量方法是同一亚暴等离子体层中磁组态的双极化；(3)与同一亚暴有关的近地X线的形成。另一个值得关注的关键问题是亚暴洋流楔体的发展。我们希望这本书能为今后的研究指明方向，起到带头的参考作用。我们相信，通过强调电离层和等离子体片之间的全球联系以及观测-模拟-理论的闭合，未来的亚暴研究将取得重大进展。这次会议肯定达到了它的目的，将世界上所有的磁层亚风暴专业知识聚集在一起。较少

We convened Chapman Conference on Magnetospheric Substorms during September 3-7, 1990, in Hakone, Japan. The study of magnetospheric substorms : present and perspective is compiled in the book "Magnetospheric Substorms", published by American Geophysical Union, 1991.Each chapter is organized with an intentional mixture of observational and theoretical papers on similar topics to emphasize the importance of the observation-simulation-theory closure. Of equal importance is the global connection in, substorm research. In the past, substorm research has focused on understanding the substorm signatures in the ionosphere and in the plasma sheet separately. Future progress may well depend on paying greater attention to the global connection between the ionosphere and the plasma sheet.In this volume the reader will find diametrically opposed views on the cause-and-effect relationships for substorm phenomena. For example, one of the key issues in substorm research today is the cause-and-effect … More relationship in the onset of substorm expansion. The long-standing controversy surrounding this issue was brought to light during the conference by calling attention to the following questions : (1) Is the formation of a near-Earth X line uniquely associated with the immediate cause or should it be considered an effect of the onset of substorm expansion? (2) Is the disruption of the cross-tail current the immediate cause or a consequence of the onset of substorm expansion? (3) Is the ionospheric response to an enhanced magnetospheric convection the immediate cause or a consequence of the onset of substorm expansion? An important step toward resolving these questions would be to determine the timing and relative locations of the three key events of a substorm : (1) the substorm expansion onset, as defined by the sudden brightening of the most equatorward arc ; (2) the disruption of the cross-tail current, as measured by the dipolarization of the magnetic configuration in the plasma sheet of the same substorm ; and (3) the formation of a near-Earth X line associated with the same substorm. Development of the substorm current wedge is another key issue that deserves greater attention.Substorm research is a fast-developing field. It is our hope that this volume will serve as the leading reference in pointing the direction for future research. We believe that significant progress will be made in future substorm research by emphasizing the global connection between the ionosphere and the plasma sheet and the observation-simulation-theory closure. This conference has certainly served its purpose by bringing all of the magnetospheric substorm expertise in the world together. Less