Study of Magnetospheric Substorms : Present and Perspective

1990年9月3-7日，我们在日本箱根召开了关于磁层亚暴的查普曼会议。《磁层亚暴的研究：现状与展望》汇编在美国地球物理联合会1991年出版的《磁层亚暴》一书中。每一章都组织了类似主题的观察和理论论文的故意混合，以强调观察-模拟-理论结束的重要性。同样重要的是亚暴研究中的全球联系。过去，亚暴研究的重点是分别了解电离层和等离子体层的亚暴特征。未来的进展很可能取决于更多地关注电离层和等离子层之间的全球联系。在本卷中，读者将发现关于亚暴现象的因果关系的截然相反的观点。例如，目前亚暴研究的关键问题之一是因果关系，更多的关系是亚暴扩张的开始。围绕这一问题的长期争论在会议期间引起了人们对以下问题的关注：(1)近地X线的形成是否与直接原因有独特的联系，还是应该将其视为亚暴扩张开始的影响？(2)横尾电流的中断是亚暴扩张的直接原因还是后果？(3)电离层对磁层对流增强的响应是亚暴扩张开始的直接原因还是结果？解决这些问题的一个重要步骤是确定亚暴的三个关键事件的时间和相对位置：(1)亚暴扩张的开始，由最靠近赤道的弧线突然变亮定义；(2)交叉尾电流的中断，这是由同一次暴的等离子体片磁结构的双极化所测量的；(3)与同一次暴相关的近地X线的形成。亚暴电流楔的发展是另一个值得更多关注的关键问题。亚暴研究是一个快速发展的领域。这是我们的希望，这一卷将作为在指出未来的研究方向的主要参考。我们相信，通过强调电离层与等离子体层之间的全局联系以及观测-模拟-理论的闭合，将在未来的亚暴研究中取得重大进展。这次会议把世界上所有的磁层亚暴专家聚集在一起，当然达到了它的目的。少

We convened Chapman Conference on Magnetospheric Substorms during September 3-7, 1990, in Hakone, Japan. The study of magnetospheric substorms : present and perspective is compiled in the book "Magnetospheric Substorms", published by American Geophysical Union, 1991.Each chapter is organized with an intentional mixture of observational and theoretical papers on similar topics to emphasize the importance of the observation-simulation-theory closure. Of equal importance is the global connection in, substorm research. In the past, substorm research has focused on understanding the substorm signatures in the ionosphere and in the plasma sheet separately. Future progress may well depend on paying greater attention to the global connection between the ionosphere and the plasma sheet.In this volume the reader will find diametrically opposed views on the cause-and-effect relationships for substorm phenomena. For example, one of the key issues in substorm research today is the cause-and-effect … More relationship in the onset of substorm expansion. The long-standing controversy surrounding this issue was brought to light during the conference by calling attention to the following questions : (1) Is the formation of a near-Earth X line uniquely associated with the immediate cause or should it be considered an effect of the onset of substorm expansion? (2) Is the disruption of the cross-tail current the immediate cause or a consequence of the onset of substorm expansion? (3) Is the ionospheric response to an enhanced magnetospheric convection the immediate cause or a consequence of the onset of substorm expansion? An important step toward resolving these questions would be to determine the timing and relative locations of the three key events of a substorm : (1) the substorm expansion onset, as defined by the sudden brightening of the most equatorward arc ; (2) the disruption of the cross-tail current, as measured by the dipolarization of the magnetic configuration in the plasma sheet of the same substorm ; and (3) the formation of a near-Earth X line associated with the same substorm. Development of the substorm current wedge is another key issue that deserves greater attention.Substorm research is a fast-developing field. It is our hope that this volume will serve as the leading reference in pointing the direction for future research. We believe that significant progress will be made in future substorm research by emphasizing the global connection between the ionosphere and the plasma sheet and the observation-simulation-theory closure. This conference has certainly served its purpose by bringing all of the magnetospheric substorm expertise in the world together. Less