Phenotypic plasticity of shoot-root relation under stress conditions and crop growth

胁迫条件下茎根关系的表型可塑性和作物生长

• 批准号: 02304017
• 负责人: KONO Yasuhiro
• 金额: $ 9.79万
• 依托单位: Nagoya University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1990 至 1992
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-02304017/
• 关键词: Cytokinin; Heritability; Hydrogic resistance; Lateral root; Root system; Shoot-root relation; Triacontanol; Water stress; 耐旱性; 根系形質; 相反接木; 葉緑体周辺網状体; 膜安定性; アブサイシン酸; フラクタル解析; 耐肥性; 耐湿性; RuBPカルボキシラ-ゼ; 篩部転送細胞; 根の出液速度; サイトカイニン; 根伸長速度; 表現型変

Under excess and deficient soil water environments, crop grow with adaptive modification between shoot-root relation. This study was focused to clarify the dynamismus of adaptive responses of shoot and root organs in the aspect of plant as a whole. The main results obtained were as follows; Seminal root axes of large drought tolerant cultivars of rice were superior in elongation rate (cm/day) and their penetrating depth than those of drought susceptible ones. Broad sense heritabilities of rice root characters which related with drought tolerance, such as diameter of xylem vessel which affected hydrogic resistance, seminal root axis length, and number of L-type laterals, and so on were estimated around 60 to 85 %. Patterns of acropetal development of lignification in hypodermis, cortical sclerenchyma and endodermis of nodal roots in drought-tolerant and waterlogging- tolerant cereals grown under susceptible soil moisture conditions to each cereals, indicated that these tissues had a rol … More e as protective ones to adverse environments to each cereals. Bound-form cytokinin which was produced in roots and was translocated to shoot played as an important role to delay the senescence of leaves in rice plants. Application of triacontanol, a kind of growth regulators, promoted in root growth in the early developmental stage of rice, but in the ripening stage, it played as an retardant of scenescence of leaves, by controlling nitrogen translocation to panicle . Adaptive development of peripheral reticulum of chloroplast was superior in C_4-plants than in C_3- plants, when grown under increasing drought stress. Depressing water supply to leaf blade by means of lowering respiratory activity of rice roots treated with various stresses, net photosynthesis was also depressed because of excess moisture status of leaf derived from the close of stomata. Q_<10> of exudating rate of rice roots was estimated 2.1, and there was found highly positive correlation between its rate and the density ( no./axile root length ) of the first order laterals. Less

在土壤水分过剩和不足的环境下，作物的生长会出现茎根关系的适应性改变。本研究的重点是阐明植物整体上茎和根器官的适应性反应的动力。获得的主要结果如下：耐旱水稻大品种的种子根轴伸长率（厘米/天）和插入深度均优于易旱品种。与耐旱性相关的水稻根系性状的广义遗传力，如影响耐水性的木质部导管直径、种子根轴长度、L型侧枝数等，估计在60%~85%左右。在易受影响的土壤湿度条件下生长的耐旱和耐涝谷物的节根的皮下组织、皮质厚壁组织和内皮层的木质化发育模式表明，这些组织对每种谷物的不利环境具有保护作用。结合型细胞分裂素在水稻根部产生并转运至地上部，在延缓水稻叶片衰老方面发挥着重要作用。生长调节剂三十烷醇的施用在水稻早期发育阶段促进了根系生长，但在成熟阶段，通过控制氮素向穗部的转运，起到了叶片生长的延缓作用。当在日益严重的干旱胁迫下生长时，C_4-植物的叶绿体外周网的适应性发育优于C_3-植物。受到各种胁迫的水稻根部的呼吸活性降低，从而抑制叶片的水分供应，由于气孔关闭导致叶片水分过多，净光合作用也受到抑制。水稻根部渗出率Q_<10>估计为2.1，其渗出率与一级侧根密度（根数/轴根长度）呈高度正相关。较少的

项目成果

Tanaka,S.: "Response of the seminal elongation to NH4-nitrogen in several rice cultivars." JApanese Journal of Crop Science. (1993)

Tanaka,S.：“几种水稻品种的精液伸长对 NH4-氮的反应。”

Galamay,T.O.: "Cortical sclerenchyma development in axile roots of cereal crops." JApanese Journal of Crop Science. 61. 494-502 (1992)

Galamay，T.O.：“谷类作物轴根的皮质厚壁组织发育。”

Koide,K: "Effects of ear removal on photosynthesis of the flag leaf during grain filling in wheat." Jpn.J.CRop Sci. 61. 659-667 (1992)

Koide,K：“小麦灌浆期间穗去除对旗叶光合作用的影响。”

Morita,Shigenori: "Root branching in Maize I.“Branching index"and methods for measuring root length" 日本作物学会紀事. 61. 101-106 (1992)

Morita, Shigenori：“玉米的根分枝 I。“分枝指数”和测量根长度的方法”日本作物科学学会杂志 61. 101-106 (1992)。

津野 幸人: "水稲の登熟過程と根部呼吸速度からみた収量変動要因の解明" 日本作物学会紀事. 60. 13-14 (1991)

Yukito Tsuno：“从水稻成熟过程和根呼吸速率的角度阐明产量变化的因素”日本作物学会会报 60. 13-14 (1991)。