Ecological genetics of pest animals and their evaluation as monitoring animals for environment

害虫动物的生态遗传学及其作为环境监测动物的评价

• 批准号: 02640506
• 负责人: KAWAMOTO Yoshi
• 金额: $ 1.15万
• 依托单位: Kyoto University (1991)Nagoya University (1990)
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1990 至 1991
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-02640506/
• 关键词: brown rats; crab-eating macaques; protein polymorphism; mtDNA; genetic variability; bottleneck effect; genetic differentiation; environmental monitoring; ニホンザル; 遺伝的分化; 連鎖不平衡; ミトコンドリアDNA; タンパク変異; ミトコンドリアDNA変異; 環境査定

Studies on brown rats : Using protein variations encoded by nuclear genes and mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)variations as genetic markers, genetic structure of wild populations of brown riots was investigated. Diachronic changes in frequencies of nuclear and mitochondrial genes in a rat population at pigsty in Toyoake suggested stability of genic constitution of the population. Linkage disequilibrium between genes at Es-2 and Es-4 loci was maintained in the population through the study period, suggesting population flush initiated from a small number of founders. Geographic distribution of genetic variants was investigated to do characterization of genetic differentiation between local populations. Genetic variability within populations was typically low for nuclear genes, but mtDNA showed a different tendency. The populations in port were polymorphic in mtDNA but monomorphic generally under other environmental condition such as pigsty, stations, private house. There was no significant corre … More lation between mtDNA diversity and geographic distance and this may result from migration not only by rat themselves but also by humans. However, this was not the case for the protein markers encoded by nuclear genes. Monitoring an environmental condition from genetic assessment of pest animals may require multiple and suitable genetic markers to elucidate changes in the populations in relation to human activities.Studies on crab-eating -macaques : Two cases of introduced monkey populations Angaur and Mauritius, were studied to compare bottleneck effect operated in the island populations. Genetic varibility measured by electrophoretic examination of blood protein variations was not simply low and small number of loci were highly polymorphic. The monkey populations were considered to be passing through an initial phase of bottleneck where rare variants had lost quickly though average heterozytosily level had decreased gradually. In the case of animals which are likely to migrate broadly and to make isolated populations, the level of genetic variability is to be much influenced by generation time and rate of population growth relating to the founding events. Less

对棕色大鼠的研究：以核基因编码的蛋白质变异和线粒体DNA（mtDNA）变异为遗传标记，对褐稻野生群体的遗传结构进行了研究。在丰明猪圈的大鼠种群中，核基因和线粒体基因频率的历时变化表明种群基因构成的稳定性。在研究期间，在Es-2和Es-4位点的基因之间的连锁不平衡保持在人口中，这表明人口冲洗开始从少数创始人。研究了遗传变异的地理分布，以表征地方群体之间的遗传分化。群体内的遗传变异是典型的低核基因，但mtDNA表现出不同的趋势。港口种群在其他环境条件下如猪圈、车站、私人住宅等表现为单态，但在mtDNA上表现为多态性。两组间无显著性差异（P> 0.05）。 ...更多信息 线粒体DNA多样性与地理距离之间的关系，这可能是由于迁移不仅由大鼠本身，而且由人类。然而，对于核基因编码的蛋白质标记物来说，情况并非如此。监测环境条件的遗传评估的有害动物可能需要多个和合适的遗传标记，以阐明人口的变化，在人类activity.Studies吃蟹猕猴：两个案件的引进猴子种群Angaur和毛里求斯，进行了研究，比较瓶颈效应在岛屿人口。通过电泳检测血液蛋白变异来测量遗传变异并不是简单的低，少数位点是高度多态的。猴种群被认为正在经历瓶颈的初始阶段，尽管平均杂合水平逐渐下降，但罕见变体迅速丢失。对于可能广泛迁移并形成孤立种群的动物，遗传变异的水平将受到世代时间和与建立事件有关的种群增长率的很大影响。少

项目成果

Hiroyuki Tanaka: "Genetic polymorphism of the vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) in crab-eating macaques (Macaca fascicularis)." J. Med. Primatol.20. 126-132 (1991)

Hiroyuki Tanaka：“食蟹猕猴 (Macaca fasciculis) 维生素 D 结合蛋白 (DBP) 的基因多态性。”

Mikiko Kondo: "Population genetics of crab-eating macaques (Macaca fascicularis) on the island of Mauritius." Am.J.Primatol.

Mikiko Kondo：“毛里求斯岛上食蟹猕猴（Macaca fascicularis）的种群遗传学。”

Tsuyoshi Watanabe: "A morphometrical study on crabーeating macaques in Mauritius." Kyoto Univ.Overseas Research Report of Studies on Asian NonーHuman Primates. 8. 11-15 (1991)

Tsuyoshi Watanabe：“毛里求斯食蟹猕猴的形态测量研究”。京都大学亚洲非人类灵长类动物研究报告。 8. 11-15 (1991)

Kondo Mikiko: "A report on the genetic variability and constitution of crabーeating macaques (Macaca fascicualris) on the island of Mauritius." Kyoto University Overseas Research Report of Studies on Asian NonーHuman Primates. 8. (1991)

近藤干子：“关于毛里求斯岛食蟹猕猴（Macaca fascicualris）的遗传变异和体质的报告。”京都大学亚洲非人类灵长类动物研究报告8。（1991）

Kiyoaki Matsubayashi: "Hematological, Parasitologicla and microbiological examinations on crab-eating macaques in Mauritius." Kyoto Univ. Overseas Research Report of Studies on Asian Non-Human Primates. 9. 1-10 (1991)

Kiyoaki Matsubayashi：“毛里求斯食蟹猕猴的血液学、寄生虫学和微生物学检查。”