Development of neutron radiography techniques to measure velocities of particles and fluid in a spouted bed

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Motion of solid particles in a spouted bed was visualized by using neutron radiography (real time TV). Trajectories and velocity profiles of particles in annular region were obtained from the radiography.Result indicates that both the trajectory and radial profile of particle velocity normalized by mean velocity through nozzle are almost independent of height of packing and Reynolds number.Profile of packing density in a spouted bed was also measured by using neutron radiography (film method). By analyzing the digitalized optical density of exposed film, the shape of spouted region was clearly recognized and it was also made clear that the lower part of the annular region was denser than the upper one.