Longitudinal study of relationship between maternal psycho-social stress and infant's development of attachment and self-regulation

纵向考察孕期和围产期心理社会应激与母婴发育过程的关系。受试者为8名母亲和56名母亲及其婴儿。作为母亲的变量，测量了心理社会压力程度、婚姻关系质量、社会支持系统、自我概念、对母婴的态度、对父母关系质量的记忆以及对婴儿的育儿行为。并以幼儿的气质特征和依恋质量为变量进行测量。在怀孕期间进行了两次评估，分别为1、3、6、9、12和18个月。孕期、1个月、9个月采用问卷调查，3、6、12、18个月采用观察法和访谈法。分别于术后12个月和18个月采用Q法和改良奇异情况法对附着质量进行评定。12个月的评估正在进行中。结果发现，孕期和围产期的心理社会应激程度对母亲的心理幸福感有影响。婴儿出生引起的家庭制度的变化和生活方式的改变也影响着母亲的心理健康和母体的发育过程。在产后期间，母亲经常感到心理和身体上的疲惫。然而，如果她们能够从丈夫和自己的母亲那里得到实质性的支持，压力的有害影响就会得到缓冲和减弱。研究还发现，母亲与自己母亲的经历影响了她们对母亲的态度以及对丈夫和婴儿的行为。

The relationship between the psycho-social stress during pregnancy and perinatal period and the developmental process of mothers and infants was examined longitudinally. The subjects were 8 mothers as pilot cases and 56 mothers and their infants. As variables of mothers, the degree of psycho-social stress, quality of marital relationship, social support system, self concept, attitudes towards maternity and their babies, memory of the quality of relationship with their own parents, and mothering behaviors to their babies were measured. And as variables of infants, temperamental characteristics and quality of attachment were measured. Assessments were performed twice in pregnancy, and 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months each. The assessments of pregnancy, 1 and 9 months were performed using questionnaire and the assessments of 3, 6, 12 and 18 months were performed by hoite observation and interview. The quality of attachment was assessed using Q-technique and revised Strange Situation procedure at 12 and 18 months. The assessment of 12 months was proceeding. The assessment of 18 month have performed in just pilot cases.As results, it was found that the degree of psycho-social stress in pregnancy and perinatal period influenced to mother's psychological well-being. The change of family system and the change of life style caused by the birth of baby also influenced to mother's psychological well being and the developmental process of maternity. During postnatal period, the mothers frequently felt psychological and physical exhaustion. However, if they could receive substantial support from their husbands and their own mothers, the noxious effects of stress were buffered and weakened. It was also found that the mother's experiences with their own mothers affected their attitudes towards maternity and behaviors to husbands and babies.