Longitudinal study on adaptation process for psycho-social and physical changes in middle life.

本研究的主要发现如下：(1)心理幸福感随时间变化。cse - d评分的变化与工作负荷、人际关系等日常活动压力源的时间变化呈弱相关。有时这样的麻烦会让人们产生自我效能感和自我效能感。(2)在埃里克森生命周期理论的基础上，开发了福岛心理-社会发展量表（FPSDS），导出了一个单一因素，并将其解释为一种灵活成熟的自我功能。FPSDS评分与CES-D评分呈负相关。它还与生活满意度、活动质量和社交网络数量呈正相关。相关模式因性别而异。在女性中，非工作相关活动的质量和社交网络的数量与FPSDS得分相关，而在男性中，与工作相关活动的质量与FPSDS得分相关。(3)中年人群心理、生理能力下降，外貌发生变化。人们对老年自我的看法非常消极。但他们经常试图应对负面情绪。他们使用了各种二次补偿和控制策略。中年的人很活跃。他们有各种各样的目标和梦想。尽管他们有很多困难和限制，如超负荷的工作，沉重的责任，他们的孩子，配偶和年迈的父母的严重问题，他们努力实现自己的目标和梦想。我们发现积极应对的人和积极做梦的人。我们可以期望他们具有与年龄相适应的自我功能和健康的人格，并从多个角度分析他们的心理特征，为他们的富有成效和健康的中年生活提供一些提示。

Major findings of this study were as follow :(1) Psychological well-being measured using CES-D changed temporally. The changes of CES-D score were weakly correlated with temporal changes of amount of stressors derived from daily activities such as work loadings and interpersonal relationships. Sometimes such kind of hassles leaded people to have a sense of self-efficacy and self-effectiveness.(2) Based on Erikson's idea of life cycle, Fukushima Psycho-Social Development Scale (FPSDS) was developed and a single factor, which was interpreted as a flexible and matured ego functioning, was derived. The score of FPSDS was negatively correlated with CES-D scores. It was also positively correlated with satisfaction to life, quality of activities and amount of social network. The correlation pattern was different by gender. In female, the quality of non-work related activities and the amount of social network correlated with the score of FPSDS, on the contrary the quality of work related activities correlated with the score of FPSDS in male.(3) People in the middle life perceived decreasing of psychological and physical abilities and changes of physical appearance. The perception of aged self was very negative. But frequently they tried to cope with negative feelings. They used various secondary compensation and control strategies.(4) People in the middle life were very active. They had various goals and dreams. Although they had many difficulties and restrictions such as over-loading of work, heavy responsibilities, and serious problems of their children, spouses and old parents, they tried to accomplish their goals and dreams.(5) We found actively coped people and active dreamers. We can expect that they would have an age-appropriated ego functioning and healthy personality and we can get some hints for a productive and healthy middle life through analyses of their psychological characteristics from multiple perspectives.