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A Study on the Bureaucrats of Hshin-fa Party in Sung Dynasty

宋代信发党官僚研究

基本信息

批准号：
02610170
负责人：
KUMAMOTO Takashi
金额：
$ 1.34万
依托单位：
Ishinomaki Senshu University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1990
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1990 至 1991
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

1. I started this study in order to elucidate the real state of bureaucrats of Hsin-fa party, but at present I have not yet accomplished this purpose. For first of all I devoted myself to the elucidation of censors and remonstrators that stand for the political essence of northern sung dynasty before beaurocrats of Hsin-fa party : I thought that the politics in the first half of northern Sung dynasty era had certain factor which had to be overcome by Hsin-fa party and the elucidation of this factor made the significance of the reformation by Hsin-fa party understandable.2. From this standpoint I tried to investigate the institution of censors and demonstrators and elucidate their real states in the first half of northern Sung dynasty era. And I demonstrated the following two points.(1) Though scholdrs in the past thought that the edict in 1017 established the outline of the institution of censors and remonstrators, through a reexamination of this edict it was ascertained that this edict was not necessarily carried out litteraly but as matter of fact censors and remonstrators regarded it as a ground for their authorities of criticizing state policies, and that remonstrating censors established by this edict were a extremely small part of censors.(2) There wave many cases that censors and remonstrators also holded rather the financial posts e. g. assistant commissioner of State Finance Commission than the posts of criticizing state policies especially in the earliest days of northern Sung dynasty era.3. I took notice of two biographies of Ou-yang Hsiu, representative remonstrator in northern Sung dynasty, and examined them comparatively. One is his biography included in the True Records by Chiu-fa party and the other is that by Hsin-fa party. By means of consideration to the difference between two evaluations about him by both parties I could recognize the limit of politics led by censors and remonstrators and necessity of polities by Hsin-fa party.

1.我开始这项研究，是为了阐明兴发党官僚的真实的状况，但目前我还没有达到这个目的。因为我首先致力于在兴发党党魁面前对代表北方宋政治本质的御史、谏官进行阐释：我认为北方宋前半期的政治存在着兴发党必须克服的某些因素，而这一因素的阐释使兴发党改革的意义得以理解.从这一角度出发，笔者试图考察北方上半叶的御史与示威制度，并阐明其真实的状况。我证明了以下两点。(1)过去的学者们虽然认为1017年的诏书确立了御史台制度的轮廓，但通过对这一诏书的重新审视，可以肯定，这一诏书并不一定是随便执行的，事实上，御史台把它作为批评国家政策的权威依据，诏所设谏议御史在御史中所占比例极小。(2)有许多情况下，审查员和监察员也举行，而不是财政职位。G.尤其是在北方初年，财政司助理使的职位比批评国家政策的职位多.笔者注意到北方宋时期具有代表性的谏官欧阳修的两部传记，并对其进行了比较研究。一种是九发党《实录》所载的他的传记，另一种是新发党所载的他的传记。通过对两个政党对他的两种评价的差异的考察，可以认识到御史台政治的局限性和兴发党政治的必要性。