State-Religion Relations in the Modern French Political Thoughts

本文通过对旧制度时期法国政教关系的考察，揭示了近代早期法国政治思想是如何处理宗教和宗教事务，并将其与政治秩序相联系的。1.宫廷、沙龙、咖啡馆对宗教和天主教徒所承担的公共价值观的讨论，推动了公共领域的结构性转变。宗教成为市民社会的要素之一。2.《神职人员市民宪法》规定，教区调整为省。教会作为普世价值的承载者被纳入世俗秩序。这是基于“一切宗教都是上帝”原则的世俗化进程的结果。3.教会制度所关心的日常生活变成了国家监督下的问题。废除什一税后，救济穷人、慈善医疗都归国家管辖，国家来管理其成员的出生、婚姻、死亡，即整个生活（福柯的“生物政治学”）。国家管理圣礼，并得到了一种神圣。

This paper examines the state-religion relations in the Old Regime France to darirfy how the early modern French political thoughts dealt with the religion and the religious matters, and connected them to the political order.1.Deliberations at the court, saloons, cafes on the religion and the public values that the catholic had borne till then, pushed forward the structural transformation of the public sphere. The religion became one of the elements of the civil society.2.The Civil Constitution of the Clergy provided that the parishes were readjusted to the departments. The church as the bearer of the universal value was incorporated into the secular order. This was the consequence of the process of the secularization rooted in the principle "cujus regio eius religio".3.Quotidian life that the church system had care for became the issue under the state's supervision. After the abolition of the tithe, relief of the poor, charity medical care were put under the jurisdiction of the state, and the state came to manage the birth, the marriage, the death, that is, the whole life of its members (Foucault's "bio-politics"). The state administered the sacraments and got a sort of sacredness.