THE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ECONOMIC PROPOSALS IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY SCOTLAND AND IRELAND.

1707年苏格兰与英格兰合并后的几十年里，苏格兰经济学小册子的作者们在18世纪20年代末面临着经济发展的失败，他们发现自己的同胞太自私、不诚实和懒惰，无法充分认识和利用联合国允许他们享受的英国重商制度的优势。因此，他们中的大多数人要求政府当局严格执行英国的法律法规，以改变他们的同胞的性格。然而，一位不愿透露姓名的作者虽然同意这一要求，但指出，公共当局也不应该给予生产者和商人“其他适当的帮助，因为商业环境不时需要。值得注意的是，他在区分转化者和被转化者的基础上，明确了决策者调查“企业环境“的重要性，因为 ...更多信息 这表明，他的追随者，他们最重要的任务将是给决策者的确切信息，什么是“企业的情况”。事实上，他们做到了，而且在这样做的过程中，他们极大地提高了自己的经济洞察力和理论，改变了他们对人性的看法，以准确地识别“企业的环境“。另一方面，爱尔兰的经济小册子作者仍然坚持，就像一些苏格兰小册子作者在联盟争议期间所做的那样，如果允许爱尔兰人彻底加入英国的重商主义体系，爱尔兰和英国都会受益：他们认为爱尔兰的经济发展是通过利用英国来实现的。因此，爱尔兰人落后于苏格兰人。这导致了1776年斯密经济理论的诞生和苏格兰世纪后期以来的经济增长。因此，我们应该更加重视苏格兰经济小册子发展的意义。少

Faced with their failure of the economic development in late 1720s,a few decades after the Union of 1707 with England,Scottish economic pamphleteers found their countrymen too self-interested,dishonest and lazy to realize and make good use of the advantages of British mercantile system which the Union had allowed them to enjoy. Therefore,most of them requested the public authorities to put into strict execution the British laws and regulations in order to transform the character of their countrymen. However,though agreeing with this request,an anonymous author went to point out that it was also not dispensable for the public authorities to give the producers and merchants "the help of such other proper encouragements,as the circumstances of the business from time to time required."It is remarkable that on the basis of his distinction of the transforming persons from the transformed,he made clear the importance of policy-makers' inquiring into"the circumstances of the business",because … More this suggested his followers that their most important task would be to give the policy-makers the exact information of what"the circumstances of the business". They,in fact,did it,and in so doing they highly improved their own economic insight and theories and changed their view of human nature to identify "the circumstances of the business"precisely. On the other hand,Irish economic pamphleteers still insisted,just like some of Scottish pamphleteers had done during the period of the Union-controversy,that both Ireland and Britain would be benefited, if Irish people were allowed to join the British mercantile system thoroughly: They were thinking Irish economic development by means of their use of Britain. Thus the Irish were behind the Scottish. This resulted in the birth of Smithian economic theory in 1776 and the Scottish economic growth from late 18th century in Scotland. Therefore,we should put a higher value on the significance of the development of the Scottish economic pamphlets. Less